Learning and performing academically are both arts and sciences. As a cognitive science major in college, I studied the hard science of how humans learn: reinforcement, attention, pattern recognition, etc. The "art" is not to be underestimated though: this includes things like motivation, talent, response to pressure and stress, etc. As a tutor, I focus on both these aspects of learning and succeeding both in short-term goals like one assignment or longer-term goals like increasing an SAT score or gaining admission to a selective college. If a student has difficulty learning a skill or concept, what would you do? I would relate the concept to one that they already know (i.e. using an analogy) and then point out the similarities and differences. This will help them understand this challenging concept in the context of their other knowledge. Another approach I would use is to combine the big picture with the details. For instance, many concepts that students find confusing can actually be described in one non-technical English sentence. This basic understanding then helps students see how the details fit together rather than just memorizing them. Not to be overlooked, I focus on strengthening students' confidence and motivation throughout the sessions, as these become even more important when students face challenging concepts.