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Christopher
Rhetorical analysis clicks faster when a student can name exactly what an author is doing and why it works on a reader. Christopher breaks down AP Lang skills like argument structure, synthesis of sources, and strategic use of evidence, bringing the same analytical precision he applies to his Harvar...
Harvard College
Bachelor of Science, Mechanical Engineering

Certified Tutor
Julie
Rhetoric is really applied philosophy: every AP Lang prompt asks students to dissect how an author persuades, and then do it themselves. Julie studies philosophy at Princeton, where she spends her days analyzing argument structure, identifying logical appeals, and writing precisely — the same toolki...
Princeton University
Bachelor in Arts, Philosophy
Certified Tutor
5+ years
Jennifer
Trained in NYU's Accelerated MAT program for Secondary English, Jennifer knows the AP Lang exam inside and out — from rhetorical analysis essays to the synthesis prompt's demand for integrating multiple sources into a cohesive argument. She teaches students to identify an author's strategic choices ...
New York University
Master of Arts Teaching, Language Arts Teacher Education
Mcgill University
Bachelor in Arts, English
Certified Tutor
Richard
AP Lang is fundamentally an argumentation course, and Richard's Government major at Harvard means he spends most of his academic life analyzing rhetorical strategies in political speeches, policy briefs, and persuasive essays. He teaches students to dissect how authors deploy ethos, logos, and patho...
Harvard University
Bachelor in Arts, Government
Certified Tutor
Beau
AP Lang is ultimately about argument — how writers build it, how readers detect it, and how students construct their own. Beau's engineering mindset at Yale makes him particularly sharp at dissecting rhetorical strategies like appeals to ethos, strategic concessions, and shifts in tone across nonfic...
Yale University
Bachelor of Science, Mechanical Engineering
Certified Tutor
9+ years
Jane
AP Lang is fundamentally about argument — identifying how writers use rhetorical strategies and then deploying those same tools in timed essays. As a Princeton English major, Jane dissects rhetoric daily, from Aristotelian appeals to the subtleties of tone and diction in nonfiction prose. She teache...
Princeton University
Current Undergrad Student, English
Certified Tutor
10+ years
Michelle
AP English Language is really a course in rhetoric — understanding how writers use structure, diction, and evidence to persuade specific audiences. Michelle's MA in American Studies at Columbia centered on exactly this: analyzing speeches, essays, and cultural texts for their argumentative strategie...
Columbia University in the City of New York
Masters, American Studies
New York University
Bachelors, Journalism and Africana Studies
Columbia University
MA in American Studies
Certified Tutor
Jean
Rhetoric is the backbone of AP Lang, and Jean's legal training gives her a practitioner's understanding of how arguments actually persuade. She teaches students to dissect an author's use of appeals, concessions, and strategic evidence — then apply those same techniques in their own synthesis and ar...
Duke University
Bachelor of Arts in Latin American History
Certified Tutor
6+ years
Michelle
AP Lang is ultimately about dissecting how writers persuade — rhetorical strategies, evidence deployment, structural choices. Michelle's neuroscience and literature background at Duke sharpens her eye for argument construction, and she teaches students to write analytical essays that do more than su...
Duke University
Bachelor of Science, Neuroscience
Certified Tutor
Jonathan
AP Lang is fundamentally an argumentation course — every rhetorical analysis and synthesis essay demands that students identify how writers build persuasive cases. Jonathan's background as a competitive debater at the University of Chicago sharpened exactly that skill, and his extensive coursework i...
The University of Chicago
Bachelor in Arts, Political Science and Government
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Meghan
Calculus Tutor • +31 Subjects
I am a graduate of Cornell University, where I earned a Bachelor of Arts in English with a Minor in Music. I hold a Masters of Arts in English from the University of Connecticut, where I am currently working on my PhD in American Literature. I tutor a mix of test preparation, English, Literature, and Writing. In helping students with reading and writing skills, I enjoy using multiple different approaches to develop a well-rounded understanding of the techniques, while making the sessions fun. I'm a strong proponent of keeping studying dynamic. It is important to me that my students come away from our sessions with not only the scores or grades they desire, but a deeper understanding of the topics and skills that will continue to benefit them beyond test day. In my spare time I love long runs, singing, hiking, and reading.
Patrick
Calculus Tutor • +49 Subjects
I am a recent graduate of the University of Chicago, where I received Bachelor of Arts degrees in English Literature and Linguistics. I have been able to pursue my passion for languages and literature in my career as well as my studies. I have taught English as a second language, critical reading, grammar, and academic and professional writing to students of diverse backgrounds and proficiency levels, including incoming university students, business professionals in South Korea, and fifth and sixth graders in south side Chicago. I am especially excited when I get to help students work on their writing skills, and the breakthroughs my students have had in learning to express their own unique voices and perspectives clearly and articulately are some of our favorite teaching moments.
Kirstie
Arithmetic Tutor • +35 Subjects
I am friendly, reliable, and most importantlycommitted to helping you learn! It is my top priority to create a positive learning experience that will help boost your test scores without boring you to tears. After all, shouldn't learning be fun? Hobbies: art, books, reading, music, writing
Elena
Calculus Tutor • +40 Subjects
I am a graduate of Washington University in St. Louis, where I received my Bachelor of Arts degree in Art History & Archaeology with a secondary major in History. I focused on medieval art and history and wrote my senior thesis on the Byzantine Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna, Italy. Currently I am a Masters student in Art History at Southern Methodist University. Throughout my undergraduate education, I have taught and tutored children in various ways. My junior year of college I was a religious school teacher for First Graders. During the summer of 2012, I was an intern at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, at the Cloister's Museum and Gardens (which is a part of the Medieval Department). Throughout the summer, I led five to six, one hour tours throughout the galleries, teaching students from the ages of five to eighteen, all about medieval art. Additionally, I was inducted into Mortar Board National College Senior Honor Society my senior year of college. One of Mortar Board's missions is to help promote literacy. My chapter of the honor society worked with InspireSTL, a St. Louis based tutoring program, which places talented low-income middle school students into the region's top college-prep high schools and supports their ongoing academic progress, offering them a wide range of tutoring and financial assistance. As a group, we helped tutor the students several times a week. Working with InspireSTL I was asked to tutor a very wide range of subjects - everything from geometry to history to biology, to being asked to set up an impromptu grammar and sentence diagramming class! While I love the subjects of History and English, and have tutored and taught most subjects, I have realized that Standardized Test preparation is one of the most important steps in your education. With the right mentality and training, those tests can be an easy stepping-stone into the college of your dreams. I love learning and teaching and strongly believe that everyone deserves a world-class education, and I hope to be able to instill that desire in my students. In my spare time, when I am not in school or reading for my classes, I enjoy relaxing, doing yoga, playing tennis, and cooking - all of which re-energize me and get me ready for the next day!
Martha
AP Statistics Tutor • +41 Subjects
I am a PhD student at the University of Michigan, studying social psychology. Before this, I was at Duke University completing a BS in psychology as well as a MS in global health. My research combines the fields of global health and psychology by examining the effects of culture on self-related psychological processes. I hope to continue in academia to become a professor of psychology, as teaching is among my greatest passions.
Todd
Pre-Algebra Tutor • +64 Subjects
I'm passionate about learning. I was fortunate to have great teachers at the University of Chicago in my graduate education, and at University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in my undergraduate education.
Abrahim
Middle School Math Tutor • +81 Subjects
I am passionate about teaching because I understand greatly a lot of the academic struggles and problems students may face through education, especially as a first generation college student. Currently I am studying for my medical doctorate degree (M.D.) at the Medical College of Wisconsin. I graduated UCLA with a Biology degree with Asian Languages minor in 2019, cum laude honors. Both during my undergrad and days since, I had a chance to tutor private clients in Southern California and work for a few exam prep companies. I enjoy tutoring math, sciences (chemistry, biology mainly), social sciences (history, politics), essay writing, and Japanese. I also help assist in studying for standardized exams (SAT, ACT, SAT Subject, AP, MCAT, PCAT, OAT)! My tutoring style will be very direct in trying to identify gaps in knowledge and working/practicing on those gaps. I like to be interactive and answer the students' questions directly. I strongly believe education is one path in which students may be able to reach their dreams and I will be your supporter along the way. In my free time, I enjoy playing the piano, practicing martial arts, and watching anime/playing games.
Katie
Calculus Tutor • +30 Subjects
I'm a senior at Brown University in the Program of Liberal Medical Education (PLME). I have over three years of experience working with college application consulting with a specialty in BS/MD programs and experience in tutoring with the SAT, having scored a 2400. I'm excited to work with you and your family on making the most out of the time you have to prepare for test taking, and am also open to conversations about the university application experience.
Pranav
AP Environmental Science Tutor • +5 Subjects
Hello, students! My name is Pranav, and I'm so excited to be tutoring with Varsity Tutors. I have vast experience tutoring both personally and professionally; I've held officer positions in several nonprofit organizations, including STEMpals and The Do Re Mi Project, teaching courses ranging from biology to music theory. I took 16 AP courses throughout high school with all 5s, and I earned a 1570 on my SAT, so I'm pretty familiar with the majority of academic subjects! I have experience tutoring any and all skill levels, and I'm always open to expanding my horizons, so please don't hesitate to book your first lesson. I'm looking forward to meeting with you!
Hasan
8th Grade math Tutor • +97 Subjects
I am a graduate of Brown University, where I earned my B.A. in Literary Arts and Visual Arts, taking courses in a wide array of subjects ranging from contemporary American fiction to ancient Indian classics. My first teaching experience came in college when I had the privilege of creating and teaching a series of literature courses at a local community center. There are few experiences I find more enriching than facilitating a meaningful dialogue centered around great works of literature and art. While literature and art are my passion, I also tutor in variety of other subjects, including math, science, and test preparation. I currently work as a lead teacher in the after-school program at Archway Classical Academy in Phoenix.
Top 20 Subjects
Frequently Asked Questions
Students often struggle with the rhetorical analysis essay, which requires identifying and explaining how an author uses language strategies to persuade an audience—many students can spot techniques but struggle to connect them to the author's purpose and effect. The synthesis essay is another major challenge, as it demands integrating multiple sources while maintaining a clear argument rather than just summarizing. Additionally, students frequently underestimate the importance of understanding tone, diction, and syntax as analytical tools, treating them as vocabulary exercises rather than persuasive devices. Time management during the exam is also critical, as the three essays in 3 hours leaves little room for revision.
A tutor can help you move beyond identifying rhetorical devices to analyzing their effect—teaching you to ask "why did the author choose this word/structure?" and "how does this persuade the audience?" rather than just naming techniques. Tutors work through real AP prompts to help you develop a thesis that explains the author's overall persuasive strategy, not just list observations. Practice with timed essays under exam conditions helps you internalize the process so you can execute it confidently, and personalized feedback on your drafts shows you exactly where your analysis is surface-level versus insightful.
The key is to develop your own argument first, then use sources as evidence—not the other way around. A tutor can teach you to read the prompt carefully, identify the central question or issue, and take a clear position before looking at sources. Then you learn to integrate sources strategically: paraphrasing or quoting only the most relevant parts, explaining how each source supports your specific claim, and maintaining your voice throughout. Many students improve dramatically once they stop treating synthesis as "include all six sources" and start treating it as "build the strongest argument using the best evidence available."
Most successful students allocate roughly 50 minutes to the rhetorical analysis essay (the most straightforward), 40 minutes to the argument essay, and 40 minutes to synthesis, leaving 10 minutes for reading prompts carefully and reviewing. However, your breakdown may differ based on which essay type is your strength. A tutor can help you practice this pacing with full-length timed exams, identifying where you tend to lose time—whether it's overthinking your thesis, getting stuck on source selection, or revising excessively. Building a personal timing strategy and rehearsing it repeatedly removes anxiety on test day and ensures you complete all three essays rather than rushing the last one.
The argument essay rewards a clear, defensible position supported by specific evidence and logical reasoning—not emotional appeals or broad generalizations. Unlike the rhetorical analysis, you're not explaining someone else's persuasion; you're doing the persuading yourself. Strong essays anticipate counterarguments and address them, show awareness of context and audience, and use varied evidence (personal examples, historical facts, current events, hypotheticals). Many students struggle because they either make obvious claims that need little support or take extreme positions that are hard to defend. A tutor helps you develop nuanced arguments that are both interesting and sustainable, then teaches you to build them efficiently within the time limit.
Effective analysis explains the rhetorical effect of word choice and sentence structure on the reader. Instead of "the author uses short sentences," strong analysis says "the author uses short, declarative sentences to create urgency and conviction, making the argument feel inevitable." A tutor teaches you to consider the emotional impact, the pace created, the emphasis given to certain ideas, and how the choice differs from what the author could have done instead. Practicing with annotated texts where you label not just the technique but its effect trains your analytical eye. Over time, this becomes automatic—you read a passage and immediately see how the language choices work together to persuade.
Students who work consistently with a tutor typically see 2-4 point improvements on the AP Lang exam (which is scored 1-9 per essay, or 3-27 total). The amount of improvement depends on your starting point: students scoring 4-5 per essay often jump to 6-7 with focused work on essay structure and analytical depth, while students already at 7-8 may improve to 8-9 by refining their argument development and source integration. Realistic timelines depend on frequency—students meeting weekly for 8-12 weeks see more dramatic gains than those meeting monthly. The biggest improvements come from understanding what the rubric actually rewards and practicing full essays under timed conditions with feedback.
Test anxiety often stems from uncertainty about what to do, so building confidence through repeated practice is the strongest antidote. Taking full-length practice exams under real conditions—same time limit, same three essays, same pressure—trains your brain that you can execute the process even when stressed. A tutor can also teach you concrete strategies like reading the prompt twice before writing, jotting a quick thesis outline before drafting, and knowing which essay to tackle first based on your strengths. Developing a personal routine (how you'll read prompts, how you'll structure your time, what you'll do if you get stuck) removes decision-making from exam day and lets you focus on writing. Many students find that anxiety drops significantly once they've successfully completed several timed practice exams.
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