To address higher order concerns while completing the job at hand in order to empower students by equipping them with the skills they can use to succeed and grow on their own.

Establish a rapport and set up goals. Talk about what has and has not worked in the past. Start on a first lesson, and evaluate how it went at the end.

Equip them with the tools they can employ when on their own. Talk about their learning process in a positive and motivating way. Help them to understand what their learning process is so they can become self-aware of what works and what doesn't.

First and foremost, with words of encouragement and being open to listening to their fears and concerns. Acknowledging that there will be difficulties, but that with perseverance they will succeed. Homework assignments that are fun can keep them looking forward to the next session. Always finding something they have succeeded on in a meeting will keep up the morale. Sessions should always end on a positive note.

Find a different way to approach the subject. Different media may help, or varying ways to visualize to concept. Moving on to something easier, and then coming back to it once they are feeling more confident.

Often by focusing on the structure of the text. Starting with the title can be an easy and helpful way to get the student thinking about the big ideas of the essay. Summarize each paragraph into one sentence so that they can get the larger picture broken down into smaller parts.

Establishing a rapport by asking them about what they like and don't like about what they are working on. Honesty can clear the air and help determine successful angles from which to approach the material. Paying attention to body language, tone of voice, and other signs of engagement can also help gauge a student's comfort level with the material, and signal when they begin to become more comfortable and engaged.

If it is possible to apply it to real-life experience, then do so with stories and examples. Find even small, subtle ways that they can be or have been successful in learning the material, and build on that. Show them that there are multiple approaches to learning subjects, and that it is just a matter of finding the approach that best suits them. Talking about what they don't like or understand about the subject in specific ways is important, as this can open up opportunity for positive things about the subject to emerge that they haven't yet thought of.

Ask them questions in different formats, and ask for them to provide examples. Ask them to write their own questions. It is important to repeatedly return to the material in ongoing sessions or multiple times during the same session at different intervals to make sure that they are retaining the knowledge. Waiting for the student to answer the question in their own words and providing examples ensures that they are not simply repeating what they hear, but that they are truly grasping the concept.

Focus on the positive aspects of their comprehension. End each session on a positive note. Be sure to remind them that they are indeed making progress in the subject. It is very important to set manageable goals and to ensure that the tutor isn't setting the student up for failure.

By asking questions and paying attention to body language in gauging their level of comfort with different aspects of a subject. Talking candidly about their fears and understanding how they got to that point is a good way to get to know their learning process. Asking them about their hopes for the future and why they scheduled the session in the first place.

By evaluating their learning style and process. If a student is a visual learner, then we might need to have a lot of scratch paper to sketch ideas in diagrams and spatial analogies. If a student is ESL, then it is important to take that into consideration when explaining concepts in terms of idioms or informal language they may not be familiar with. If a student has trouble concentrating, then we may have to make changes to the space where we meet. Sometimes students themselves don't realize what their needs are, so just getting them to talk about their needs is a great place to start.

I always have lots of blank sheets of paper and writing utensils. Sometimes we need to have videos on hand when subjects require visual examples. If a student is struggling with a particular reading material, then we would focus on that article but also have separate sheets of paper to jot out ideas in our own words (especially the student). Molding clay can be helpful in some scenarios. When working with languages, handouts are almost always required. ESL grammar handouts are especially valuable.