# GMAT Math : Data-Sufficiency Questions

## Example Questions

### Example Question #11 : Rate Problems

Car A drives on road 66 at a rate of 50 mph, how long does it take for car B to catch up?

(1) Car A is 20 miles ahead of car B.

(2) Car B has a rate of 60 mph.

Statement (2) alone is sufficient.

Statements 1 and 2 together are not sufficient.

Statement (1) alone is sufficient.

Both statements taken together are sufficient.

Each statement alone is sufficient.

Both statements taken together are sufficient.

Explanation:

For these types of problems, asking us how long it takes for a vehicle to catch up to another one, we should keep in mind that we can calculate the rate at which the other vehicle is catching up, by doing the difference of the two rates.

From this we can see that we will need both rates for the vehicles as well as the distance between the two vehicles: , where and are the respective rates of vehicles B and A, and  is the distance between the two cars and  is the time it would take for car B to catch up

Statement 1 only tells us the distance between the two vehicle and therefore we don't know how fast car B is catching up and therefore this statement alone is insufficient.

Statement 2 only tells us how fast is the second car going, but here we don't know what is the distance between the two cars.

Therefore, both statements must be taken together to answer this question.

### Example Question #41 : Word Problems

Train A takes 3 more hours than train B to go 180 miles, what is the average speed of train A?

(1) Train B's rate is 20 mph less than train A.

(2) Train A takes 4 hours to travel from city A to city B.

Both statements together are sufficient.

Statement 2 is sufficient.

Statement 1 alone is sufficient.

Each statement alone is sufficient.

Statements 1 and 2 taken together are not sufficient.

Statements 1 and 2 taken together are not sufficient.

Explanation:

First of all, we should notice that we are looking for a rate and therefore, we should be able to find both a distance and a time for the train to travel that distance.

From statement 1, we can say that  and that  where  is train A's rate and  is the time it takes train B to travel 180 miles. If we manipulate our equations we get : , since 180 are in both equations. But there are two unknowns and neither cancel out. So statement 1 alone is not sufficient.

Statement 2 gives us a rate for train A for an unknown distance, therefore this information is not useful.

We can see that after using our statements, even together, we still could not find an answer to the problem, therefore statements 1 and 2 together are insufficient.

### Example Question #1 : Dsq: Calculating Simple Interest

Today, I put  in a bank account which promises me a fixed interest rate for  years. How much simple interest (in dollars) have I earned after  years?

(1) I have  in my bank account after year .

(2) The annual interest rate is .

A: Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) ALONE is not sufficient

D: EACH statement ALONE is sufficient

E: Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are not sufficient

C: BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient

B: Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) ALONE is not sufficient

D: EACH statement ALONE is sufficient

Explanation:

From statement (1), we can get the annual interest rate:

.

Therefore after year 2 the simple interest is:

. So statement (1) alone is sufficient.

Statement (2) gives us the annual interest rate directly so we can get the result by simply applying the simple interest formula:

. So statement (2) alone is sufficient.

Therefore the right answer is D.

### Example Question #1 : Interest Problems

John invests  in bonds and certificates. The bonds earn  interest per year. The certificates earn  interest per year. At the end of the year, John earns a total of  as interest. What amount of money did John invest in bonds?

(1) The ratio of interest earned from the certificates to the interest earned from the bonds is .

(2) The total interest earned .

Each statement ALONE is sufficient.

Both statements TOGETHER are not sufficient

Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but Statement (1) ALONE is not sufficient

Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but Statement (2) ALONE is not sufficient

Both statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient

Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but Statement (1) ALONE is not sufficient

Explanation:

Statement (1) is not very helpful. Since we do not know the total amount of interest earned or at least the interest earned from one of the financial products (either the bonds or the certificates), we cannot determine the original amount invested in either product.

Using Statement(2), we can set the following equation:

(Let x be the amount invested in bonds)

John invested $4200 in bonds and$7800 in certificates.

Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but Statement (1) ALONE is not sufficient.

### Example Question #41 : Data Sufficiency Questions

What amount of money did John invest at 8% simple interest?

(1) The amount of interest earned on this investment in one year is $400. (2) John's investment is supposed to accumulate to 7,000 after 5 years. Possible Answers: Both statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient. Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but Statement (2) ALONE is not sufficient. Each Statement ALONE is sufficient. Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but Statement (1) ALONE is not sufficient. Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are not sufficient. Correct answer: Each Statement ALONE is sufficient. Explanation: (1) The amount of interest earned on this investment in one year is$400.

Let X be the amount invested. The simple annual interest rate is 8%.

The amount of money John invested is $5000. Statement (1) Alone is sufficient. (2) John's investment is supposed to accumulate to 7,000 after 5 years. Let X be the amount invested. The simple annual interest rate is 8%. The amount of money John invested is$5000. Statement (2) Alone is sufficient.

### Example Question #1 : Interest Problems

Jennifer's grandmother opens up a savings account for her that draws simple interest. No one adds to or withdraws from the account until Jennifer's 18th birthday.

Will there be $10,000 in the account by the time Jennifer turns 18? Statement 1: Jennifer's grandmother opened the account the day Jennifer turned five years old. Statement 2: The account pays 4.5% simple interest. Possible Answers: Statement 2 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 1 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question. BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question. Statement 1 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 2 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question. BOTH statements TOGETHER are insufficient to answer the question. EITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question. Correct answer: BOTH statements TOGETHER are insufficient to answer the question. Explanation: Simple interest can be calculated using the formula where is the principal, or amount deposited; is the interest rate, expressed as a decimal; and is the time, expressed in years. The question is whether the total of the original principal and the accrued interest will be at least$10,000, or, whether

or

is true or false.

Assume both statements. From Statement 1, we get that , and from Statement 2, we get that . However, neither statement gives the value of principal , so the two statements together are insufficient to answer the question.

### Example Question #1 : Interest Problems

On January 2, Grant uses his $5,000 inheritance to open up a savings account that pays simple interest; he does not add to or withdraw from the account. How many years does it take for the account to be worth$6,000?

Statement 1: The account pays 4.5% annually.

Statement 2: The interest rate of his savings account is 2% less than that of his certificate of deposit in the same bank.

EITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

BOTH statements TOGETHER are insufficient to answer the question.

BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

Statement 1 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 2 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

Statement 2 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 1 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

Statement 1 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 2 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

Explanation:

Simple interest can be calculated using the formula

where  is the principal, or amount deposited;  is the interest rate, expressed as a decimal; and  is the time, expressed in years. Since the main body of the problem gives that Grant deposited $5,000 and that the amount of interest to be earned is , the equation becomes Therefore, all that is needed to calculate is the interest rate of the account. Statement 1 gives this explicitly. Statement 2 is irrelevant, as it only compares the interest rate to that of another account, which is not given. ### Example Question #2161 : Gmat Quantitative Reasoning On the same day, Grace and Shannon each open a savings account that draws simple interest. Neither withdraws from or deposits into her account over the next five years. Throughout the five-year period, whose account accrues more interest? Statement 1: Grace's account pays at a rate of 1% per year more than Shannon's account. Statement 2: Grace deposited$5,000 in her account.

BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

Statement 2 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 1 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

BOTH statements TOGETHER are insufficient to answer the question.

Statement 1 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 2 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question.

EITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question.

BOTH statements TOGETHER are insufficient to answer the question.

Explanation:

Assume both statements together. If we let  be the interest rate, as a decimal, for Grace's account, the amount of interest Grace's account accrues over five years is

The interest rate of Shannon's account is , so, if we let  be amount she deposited in her account, the amount of interest Shannon's account accrued is

Without any information about how much Shannon deposited, or about the actual interest rates, it is impossible to determine which is the greater.

### Example Question #7 : Dsq: Calculating Simple Interest

On the same day, Robin and Rick each open a savings account that draws simple interest. Neither withdraws from or deposits into his or her account over the next five years. Throughout the five-year period, whose account accrues more interest?

Statement 1: Both accounts pay the same interest rate.

Statement 2: Robin deposited $400 more than Rick. Possible Answers: BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question. Statement 1 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 2 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question. BOTH statements TOGETHER are insufficient to answer the question. Statement 2 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 1 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question. EITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question. Correct answer: BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question. Explanation: Simple interest can be calculated using the formula where is the principal, or amount deposited; is the interest rate, expressed as a decimal; and is the time, expresssed in years. For both accounts, , so the amount of interest earned will be Neither statement alone gives sufficient information; Statement 1 alone compares the interest rates but not the amounts of principal, and the reverse holds true for Statement 2. Assume both statements. The accounts pay the same interest rate, which we will continue to call ; however, the principal Robin deposited, which we will call , is greater than that deposited by Rick, which we will call . Therefore, That is, Robin's account accrues more interest. ### Example Question #8 : Dsq: Calculating Simple Interest Marshall's grandfather uses$7,000 to open up a savings account for him that draws simple interest. No one adds to or withdraws from the account until Marshall's 21st birthday.

Will there be $10,000 in the account by the time Marshall turns 21? Statement 1: The account pays 3.8% simple interest. Statement 2:Marshall's grandfather opened the account the day Marshall turned six years old. Possible Answers: Statement 1 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 2 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question. BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question. Statement 2 ALONE is sufficient to answer the question, but Statement 1 ALONE is NOT sufficient to answer the question. BOTH statements TOGETHER are insufficient to answer the question. EITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question. Correct answer: BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient to answer the question, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient to answer the question. Explanation: Simple interest can be calculated using the formula where is the principal, or amount deposited; is the interest rate, expressed as a decimal; and is the time, expressed in years. The question is whether the total of the original principal and the accrued interest will be at least$10,000. Since this makes , the question becomes whether

or

is true or false.

Statement 1 and Statement 2 each give the value of only one of the two variables—Statement 1 gives that  and Statement 2 gives that —but neither gives the other value. The two together, however, allow us to substitute for both variables and test the inequality for truth:

This statement is true, so the savings account will indeed accrue to a value above \$10,000 by Marshall's 21st birthday.