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Flashcards: Subject-Verb Agreement

To be considered true niche constructors, however, earthworms must change the environment in such a way as to alter the evolution of another species. One of the easiest ways to measure this effect on evolution has been in the effect that the number of earthworms 1 have on soil fertility, a measure of how hospitable an environment is to plant growth. Even the least fertile soil has around 62 worms per square meter, and as the number of worms increases so does soil fertility. As worms move through the different layers of soil, they eat, digest, and excrete massive amounts of organic matter. They leave their excretions behind in the form of nutrient-rich droppings known as casings. As these casings decompose, they release nutrients into the soil. This process not only moves nutrients from one layer of the soil to another but also converts the nutrients to forms that plants can absorb and process more easily.

it has on

has on

NO CHANGE

can be to

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Flashcards: Subject-Verb Agreement

Your answer:

it has on

Your answer:

NO CHANGE

Your answer:

can be to

Correct answer:

has on

Explanation:

The error in the original sentence is one of subject-verb agreement. The subject is “the number,” with “of earthworms” serving as a prepositional modifier that tells us more about the number. So the correct phrasing should be “the effect that the number (of earthworms) has on soil fertility…” Note that this occurs often on the ACT, with the authors of these questions adding descriptions (often in the form of prepositional modifiers) that include nouns, making your job of determining which subject goes with the verb a difficult one.

"Has on" is therefore correct. Among the other answer choices, "it has on" is incorrect because of the pronoun “it” between the subject, number of earthworms, and verb, has. And "can be to" uses improper diction: something can have an effect on something else, but to say that “its effect can be to” is an improper sentence structure.

Flashcards: Subject-Verb Agreement

There are two different ways to consider the so-called “Dark Ages.” On the one hand, you can think of the period directly after the fall of the Roman Empire, when civilization began to collapse throughout the Western Empire. On the other hand, you can consider the period that followed this initial collapse of society. It is a gross simplification to use the adjective dark to describe the civilization of either of these periods.

As regards the first period, it is quite a simplification to consider this period to be a single historical moment. It is not as though the civilization switched off like a lightbulb. At one moment light and then, at the next, dark. Instead, the decline of civilization occurred over a period of numerous decades and was, in fact, already occurring for many years before the so-called period of darkness. Thus, the decline of civilization was not a rapid collapse into barbarism, but instead, was a slow alteration of the cultural milieu of a partition of Europe. Indeed, the Eastern Roman Empire retained much of its cultural status during these years of decline!

More importantly, the period following the slow collapse of the Western Empire was much less “dark” than almost every popular telling state. Indeed, even during the period of decline, the seeds for cultural restoration was being sown. A key element of this cultural revival was the formation of monastic communities throughout the countryside of what we now know as Europe. Although these were not the only positive force during these centuries, the monasteries had played an important role in preserving and advancing the cause of culture through at least the thirteenth century and arguably until the Renaissance.

How should the underlined section be corrected?

Indeed, even during the period of decline the seeds for cultural restoration was being sown.

NO CHANGE

Indeed, even during the period of decline, the seeds, for cultural restoration were being sown.

Indeed, even during the period of decline, the seeds for cultural restoration were being sown.

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Flashcards: Subject-Verb Agreement

How should the underlined section be corrected?

Your answer:

Indeed, even during the period of decline the seeds for cultural restoration was being sown.

Your answer:

NO CHANGE

Your answer:

Indeed, even during the period of decline, the seeds, for cultural restoration were being sown.

Correct answer:

Indeed, even during the period of decline, the seeds for cultural restoration were being sown.

Explanation:

The issue with the sentence as written is the fact that its main verb does not match the number of the sentence's subject. The subject is "seeds." Think of a simple sentence to check the verb: "The seeds were . . ." If you were to say, "The seeds was," you would immediately be aware of the error! The intervening expression "for cultural restoration" can distract you if you are not careful. Now, no additional commas are necessary. The "for" is a preposition, not a conjunction.

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Flashcards: Subject-Verb Agreement

Flashcards: Subject-Verb Agreement

Flashcards: Subject-Verb Agreement

Flashcards: Subject-Verb Agreement

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Flashcards: Subject-Verb Agreement

Flashcards: Subject-Verb Agreement

Flashcards: Subject-Verb Agreement

Flashcards: Subject-Verb Agreement

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DMCA Complaint

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