I start with what the student knows and can do successfully, and then show them how to take what they already know and apply it to what they need to learn. I make sure we practice the material not just until they get the answers right but until they know it well enough that they won't get the answers wrong. That is when you know you have mastered the topic. What types of materials do you typically use during a tutoring session? I prefer to incorporate many different materials into the learning/tutoring process. I use flashcards to help teach vocabulary and grammar. I also like to incorporate authentic texts, advertisements, audio, and songs in Spanish. I also create games, activities, and practice exams to verify student understanding and to focus on areas that need improvement.