The answer is "the lowest point on a wave"

Energy takes two forms, particles and waves. Waves can be absorbed, reflected, refracted or even diffracted depending on the medium they interact with. It’s important to understand waves because we interact with them all the time. Think about microwaves, x-ray machines, eyeglasses, tsunamis in the ocean, radios and speakers. The properties of a simple wave are:

Wavelength: The distance between one point on a wave and the exact same place on the next wave

Wave frequency:the number of cycles an object or wave goes through in 1 second

Crest: the highest point on a wave

Trough: the lowest point on a wave

Period: the amount of time for the harmonic motion to repeat itself, or for the object to go one full cycle

Amplitude: The distance from the equilibrium (or center) point of the wave to either its lowest or highest point

Speed: wavelength (in m) x frequency (in Hz). It varies in solids, liquids and gases.

The answer is "when waves bend as they enter a new medium"

When waves approach objects they do not just stop or disappear. They can be reflected off the object, diffracted around the object, or transmitted  through it (accompanied by refraction)! It all depends on the kind of wave, and the “medium” or type of object the wave is traveling through.

Reflection occurs when waves bounce back from a barrier they cannot pass through. An echo is an example of wave reflection. Reflection can happen with any type of waves, not just sound waves.

Refraction occurs when waves bend as they enter a new medium at an angle. For example, light bends when it passes from air to water.

Diffraction occurs when waves spread out, move around, or pass through an opening in an obstacle. All waves may be diffracted, but it is more pronounced in some types of waves than others. For example, sound waves bend around corners much more than light does. That’s why you can hear but not see around corners.

The answer is diffraction.

When waves approach objects they do not just stop or disappear. They can be reflected off the object, diffracted around the object, or transmitted  through it (accompanied by refraction)! It all depends on the kind of wave, and the “medium” or type of object the wave is traveling through.

Reflection occurs when waves bounce back from a barrier they cannot pass through. An echo is an example of wave reflection. Reflection can happen with any type of waves, not just sound waves.

Refraction occurs when waves bend as they enter a new medium at an angle. For example, light bends when it passes from air to water.

Diffraction occurs when waves spread out, move around, or pass through an opening in an obstacle. All waves may be diffracted, but it is more pronounced in some types of waves than others. For example, sound waves bend around corners much more than light does. That’s why you can hear but not see around corners.

The answer is "reflection and diffraction." because bouncing back is reflection, and going around the rocks is diffraction.

When waves approach objects they do not just stop or disappear. They can be reflected off the object, diffracted around the object, or transmitted  through it (accompanied by refraction)! It all depends on the kind of wave, and the “medium” or type of object the wave is traveling through.

Reflection occurs when waves bounce back from a barrier they cannot pass through. An echo is an example of wave reflection. Reflection can happen with any type of waves, not just sound waves.

Refraction occurs when waves bend as they enter a new medium at an angle. For example, light bends when it passes from air to water.

Diffraction occurs when waves spread out, move around, or pass through an opening in an obstacle. All waves may be diffracted, but it is more pronounced in some types of waves than others. For example, sound waves bend around corners much more than light does. That’s why you can hear but not see around corners.

The answer is reflection.

When waves approach objects they do not just stop or disappear. They can be reflected off the object, diffracted around the object, or transmitted  through it (accompanied by refraction)! It all depends on the kind of wave, and the “medium” or type of object the wave is traveling through.

Reflection occurs when waves bounce back from a barrier they cannot pass through. An echo is an example of wave reflection. Reflection can happen with any type of waves, not just sound waves.

Refraction occurs when waves bend as they enter a new medium at an angle. For example, light bends when it passes from air to water.

Diffraction occurs when waves spread out, move around, or pass through an opening in an obstacle. All waves may be diffracted, but it is more pronounced in some types of waves than others. For example, sound waves bend around corners much more than light does. That’s why you can hear but not see around corners.

The answer is "the pencil appears to be broken because the light waves are being refracted as they enter the water." 

When waves approach objects they do not just stop or disappear. They can be reflected off the object, diffracted around the object, or transmitted  through it (accompanied by refraction)! It all depends on the kind of wave, and the “medium” or type of object the wave is traveling through.

Reflection occurs when waves bounce back from a barrier they cannot pass through. An echo is an example of wave reflection. Reflection can happen with any type of waves, not just sound waves.

Refraction occurs when waves bend as they enter a new medium at an angle. For example, light bends when it passes from air to water.

Diffraction occurs when waves spread out, move around, or pass through an opening in an obstacle. All waves may be diffracted, but it is more pronounced in some types of waves than others. For example, sound waves bend around corners much more than light does. That’s why you can hear but not see around corners.

The waves are transmitted and refracted.

When waves approach objects they do not just stop or disappear. They can be reflected off the object, diffracted around the object, or transmitted  through it (accompanied by refraction)! It all depends on the kind of wave, and the “medium” or type of object the wave is traveling through.

Reflection occurs when waves bounce back from a barrier they cannot pass through. An echo is an example of wave reflection. Reflection can happen with any type of waves, not just sound waves.

Refraction occurs when waves bend as they enter a new medium at an angle. For example, light bends when it passes from air to water.

Diffraction occurs when waves spread out, move around, or pass through an opening in an obstacle. All waves may be diffracted, but it is more pronounced in some types of waves than others. For example, sound waves bend around corners much more than light does. That’s why you can hear but not see around corners.

The answer is "less light is refracted and reflected off the air around the fire." This would cause less image distortion.

When waves approach objects they do not just stop or disappear. They can be reflected off the object, diffracted around the object, or transmitted  through it (accompanied by refraction)! It all depends on the kind of wave, and the “medium” or type of object the wave is traveling through.

Reflection occurs when waves bounce back from a barrier they cannot pass through. An echo is an example of wave reflection. Reflection can happen with any type of waves, not just sound waves.

Refraction occurs when waves bend as they enter a new medium at an angle. For example, light bends when it passes from air to water.

Diffraction occurs when waves spread out, move around, or pass through an opening in an obstacle. All waves may be diffracted, but it is more pronounced in some types of waves than others. For example, sound waves bend around corners much more than light does. That’s why you can hear but not see around corners.

The answer is transmission, reflection, and refraction. All three of these play a part in making rainbows.

When waves approach objects they do not just stop or disappear. They can be reflected off the object, diffracted around the object, or transmitted  through it (accompanied by refraction)! It all depends on the kind of wave, and the “medium” or type of object the wave is traveling through.

Reflection occurs when waves bounce back from a barrier they cannot pass through. An echo is an example of wave reflection. Reflection can happen with any type of waves, not just sound waves.

Refraction occurs when waves bend as they enter a new medium at an angle. For example, light bends when it passes from air to water.

Diffraction occurs when waves spread out, move around, or pass through an opening in an obstacle. All waves may be diffracted, but it is more pronounced in some types of waves than others. For example, sound waves bend around corners much more than light does. That’s why you can hear but not see around corners.

The answer is reflection and transmission. The waves are both moving through the Earth and bouncing off layers towards the receivers.

When waves approach objects they do not just stop or disappear. They can be reflected off the object, diffracted around the object, or transmitted  through it (accompanied by refraction)! It all depends on the kind of wave, and the “medium” or type of object the wave is traveling through.

Reflection occurs when waves bounce back from a barrier they cannot pass through. An echo is an example of wave reflection. Reflection can happen with any type of waves, not just sound waves.

Refraction occurs when waves bend as they enter a new medium at an angle. For example, light bends when it passes from air to water.

Diffraction occurs when waves spread out, move around, or pass through an opening in an obstacle. All waves may be diffracted, but it is more pronounced in some types of waves than others. For example, sound waves bend around corners much more than light does. That’s why you can hear but not see around corners.