Test: AP Environmental Science

1.

Which of the following is the most accurate example of secondary succession?

A forest fire burns down crowded understory grasses and shrubs as well as some ponderosa pine stands in the Black Hills of South Dakota.

In 1962, a volcanic eruption off the coast of Iceland resulted in a formation of a new island "Surtsey" from ocean bedrock. 

Lichens and small spruce trees have established themselves in regions of Alaska where glaciers once existed but have since receded.

Following the Dust Bowl of the 1930's, prairie grasses reestablished themselves in areas had lost most of their fertile soil to wind erosion. 

Twenty years after the Mount St. Helens eruption, small trees and grasses have begun to regrow near the top of the peak, where the eruption occurred.

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