GRE Subject Tests Help - Learn by Concept

Concepts

• GRE Subject Test: Biochemistry, Cell, and Molecular Biology

  • Biochemistry

    • Cellular Metabolism

      • Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis+5 topics

        • Help with Glycolysis

        • Help with Light Reactions

        • Help with the Calvin Cycle

        • Help with the Electron Transport Chain

        • Help with the Krebs Cycle

      • Other Metabolic Processes+4 topics

        • Help with Anabolism

        • Help with Catabolism

        • Help with Metabolic Regulation and Hormones

        • Help with Other Metabolic Processes

    • Chemical Principles

      • Help with Bonding

      • Help with Intermolecular Forces

      • Help with Thermodynamics and Energetics

    • Chemical Reactions

      • Help with Acid-Base Chemistry and pH

      • Help with Oxidation-Reduction Chemistry

    • Macromolecules and Enzymes

      • Enzymes+9 topics

        • Enzyme Principles+4 topics

          • Help with Enzyme Identification

          • Help with Enzyme Kinetics

          • Help with Enzyme Mechanics

          • Help with Enzyme Types

        • Enzyme Regulation+3 topics

          • Help with Enzyme Modification

          • Help with Inhibitors

          • Help with Other Regulatory Mechanisms

      • Macromolecules and Monomers+5 topics

        • Help with Compound Macromolecules

        • Help with Lipids

        • Help with Nucleic Acids

        • Help with Proteins and Amino Acids

        • Help with Saccharides and Carbohydrates

  • Cell Biology

    • Cellular Processes

      • Cellular Division+3 topics

        • Help with Meiosis

        • Help with Mitosis

        • Help with the Cell Cycle

      • Differentiation+6 topics

        • Help with Developmental Genes

        • Help with Developmental Proteins

        • Help with Developmental Stages

        • Help with Growth Factors

        • Help with Other Differentiation Regulation

        • Help with Stem Cells

      • Protein Regulation+5 topics

        • Help with Other Protein Regulation

        • Help with Protein Degradation

        • Help with Protein Modification

        • Help with Protein Transport

        • Help with Vesicle Transport

      • Signals, Communication, and Junctions+10 topics

        • Cellular Junctions+3 topics

          • Help with Junction Functions

          • Help with Junction Proteins

          • Help with Junction Types

        • Cellular Signals and Communication+5 topics

          • Help with Action Potentials and Synapses

          • Help with Hormones

          • Help with Receptors and Channels

          • Help with Second Messengers

          • Help with Signal Transduction

    • Cellular Structures and Functions

      • Cell Membrane and Cell Wall+4 topics

        • Help with Cell Wall Structure

        • Help with Membrane Structure

        • Help with Membrane Transport

        • Help with Other Membrane Functions

      • Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility+3 topics

        • Help with Cell Motility

        • Help with Cytoskeleton Functions

        • Help with Cytoskeleton Structures

      • Endoplasmic Reticulum and Golgi Apparatus+3 topics

        • Help with Endoplasmic Reticulum Function

        • Help with Golgi Apparatus Function

        • Help with Golgi Apparatus Structure

      • Extracellular Matrix+1 topic

        • Help with Extracellular Matrix Composition

      • Lysosomes+1 topic

        • Help with Lysosome Function

      • Mitochondria and Chloroplasts+3 topics

        • Help with Chloroplast Structure

        • Help with Evolutionary Theories

        • Help with Mitochondria Structure

      • Nucleus and Ribosomes+3 topics

        • Help with Nuclear Structure

        • Help with Nuclear Transport

        • Help with Ribosome Structure

      • Specialized Structures+2 topics

        • Help with Muscle Specialization

        • Help with Neural Specialization

  • Laboratory Practices

    • Help with Biochemical Tagging

    • Help with Genetic Cloning, Splicing, and Sequencing

    • Help with Identification Techniques

    • Help with Imaging Techniques

    • Help with Knockout and Mutation Analyses

    • Help with Other Laboratory Techniques

    • Help with Quantification Techniques

    • Help with Separation Techniques

  • Molecular Biology and Genetics

    • DNA

      • Chromosomes+4 topics

        • Help with Chromosome Abnormalities

        • Help with Chromosome Structure and Function

        • Help with Epigenetics

        • Help with Karyotypes

      • DNA Replication and Repair+4 topics

        • Help with DNA Repair Processes

        • Help with DNA Repair Proteins

        • Help with DNA Replication Processes

        • Help with DNA Replication Proteins

      • Mutation and Variation+2 topics

        • Help with Mutation Types

        • Help with Recombination

      • Prokaryotic Genome+2 topics

        • Help with Nucleoid Structure and Function

        • Help with Transduction, Conjugation, and Transformation

    • Gene Regulation and Genomics

      • Gene Regulation+5 topics

        • Help with Gene Regulation Proteins

        • Help with Operon Regulation

        • Help with Other Gene Regulation Principles

        • Help with Promoters

        • Help with RNA in Gene Regulation

      • Genomics+5 topics

        • Help with Gene Families

        • Help with Gene Mapping

        • Help with Genome Evolution

        • Help with Linkage

        • Help with Transposable and Repeated Elements

    • Inheritance

      • Help with Hardy-Weinberg

      • Help with Mendelian Inheritance

      • Help with Other Inheritance Patterns

    • RNA, Transcription, and Translation

      • Transcription and RNA+3 topics

        • Help with RNA Structure and Modification

        • Help with Transcription Processes

        • Help with Transcription Proteins

      • Translation and Proteins+6 topics

        • Help with Post-Translational Protein Modification

        • Help with Prokaryotic Translation

        • Help with Protein Functions

        • Help with Protein Structures

        • Help with Ribosome and tRNA Structure

        • Help with Translation Processes

    • Viruses

      • Help with Viral Genomics

      • Help with Viral Lifecycles

      • Help with Viral Replication

• GRE Subject Test: Biology

  • Animal Biology

    • Animal Development

      • Understanding Determination and Differentiation

      • Understanding Fertilization and Early Development

      • Understanding Organogenesis

    • Circulatory System

      • Understanding Circulatory Functions

      • Understanding Circulatory Structures

    • Digestive System

      • Understanding Digestive Functions

      • Understanding Digestive Structures

    • Endocrine System

      • Understanding Glands and Target Organs

      • Understanding Hormone Functions

    • Immunobiology

      • Understanding Antibodies and Antigens

      • Understanding Immunological Cells

      • Understanding Immunological Processes

    • Musculoskeletal System

      • Understanding Musculoskeletal Functions

      • Understanding Musculoskeletal Structures

    • Nervous System

      • Understanding Action Potentials and Ion Channels

      • Understanding Nervous System Functions

      • Understanding Nervous System Structures

    • Reproductive System

      • Understanding Gametogenesis

      • Understanding Reproductive Functions

      • Understanding Reproductive Structures

    • Respiratory System

      • Understanding Respiratory Functions

      • Understanding Respiratory Structures

  • Cell Biology

    • Cell Membrane and Organelles

      • Cell Membrane and Cell Wall+5 topics

        • Understanding Cell Junctions

        • Understanding Membrane Functions

        • Understanding Membrane Proteins

        • Understanding Membrane Structure

        • Understanding the Cell Wall

      • Other Organelles+6 topics

        • Understanding Lysosomes and Peroxisomes

        • Understanding Mitochondria and Chloroplasts

        • Understanding Ribosomes

        • Understanding the Cytoskeleton

        • Understanding the Golgi Body and Endoplasmic Reticulum

        • Understanding the Nucleus

    • Cell Metabolism

      • Understanding Fermentation

      • Understanding Glycolysis

      • Understanding Photosynthesis

      • Understanding Storage of Macromolecules

      • Understanding the Electron Transport Chain

      • Understanding the Krebs Cycle

    • Macromolecules

      • Other Macromolecules+3 topics

        • Understanding Carbohydrates

        • Understanding Lipids

        • Understanding Nucleic Acids

      • Proteins+3 topics

        • Understanding Protein and Enzyme Function

        • Understanding Protein Structure

        • Understanding Receptors

    • The Cell Cycle

      • Understanding Cell Division, Mitosis, and Meiosis

      • Understanding Cycle Regulation

      • Understanding the Cell Cycle

  • Divisions of Life and Viruses

    • Animalia

      • Identifying Animals

      • Understanding Types of Animals

    • Archaea

      • Identifying Archaea

      • Understanding Archaea

    • Bacteria

      • Identifying Bacteria

      • Understanding Bacteria

    • Fungi

      • Understanding Fungal Life Cycle and Reproduction

      • Understanding Fungal Structures

      • Understanding Types of Fungi

    • Plantae

      • Understanding Alternation of Generations

      • Understanding Types of Plants

    • Protista

      • Identifying Protists

      • Understanding Protists

      • Understanding Roles of Protists

    • Viruses

      • Understanding Animal and Plant Viruses

      • Understanding Bacteriophages

      • Understanding Viral Life Cycles and Replication

  • Ecology

    • Environmental Ecology

      • Understanding Chemical Cycles

      • Understanding Environmental Impacts

    • Organismal Ecology

      • Understanding Community Ecology

      • Understanding Food Webs and Food Chains

      • Understanding Mating and Social Interactions

      • Understanding Population Ecology

      • Understanding Trophic Energy

  • Evolution and Mutations

    • Evolutionary Factors

      • Understanding Genetic Drift

      • Understanding Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

      • Understanding Natural Selection and Fitness

    • Evolutionary History

      • Understanding Land Adaptations

    • Mutations and Variability

      • Understanding Polymorphisms

      • Understanding Types of Mutation

    • Speciation

      • Understanding Divergent and Convergent Evolution

      • Understanding Phylogenetics

      • Understanding Speciation

      • Understanding Types of Speciation

  • Genetics, DNA, and Molecular Biology

    • Chromatin and Chromosomes

      • Understanding Chromatin

      • Understanding Karyotypes and Chromosomes

      • Understanding Structures and Proteins in DNA

    • DNA Replication and Repair

      • Understanding DNA Repair

      • Understanding DNA Replication

    • Genetic Regulation

      • Understanding Epigenetics

      • Understanding Oncogenes

    • Genetic Sequences, Transcription, and Translation

      • Understanding Genetic Patterns

      • Understanding Introns and Exons

      • Understanding mRNA and Protein Modifications

      • Understanding Operons and Promoters

      • Understanding Transcription

      • Understanding Transcription Factors

      • Understanding Translation

    • Inheritance

      • Understanding Modes of Inheritance

      • Understanding Pedigrees and Punnett Squares

      • Understanding Prokaryotic Inheritance

  • Lab Techniques

    • Chromatography

      • Understanding Column Chromatography

      • Understanding Thin Layer Chromatography

    • DNA Analysis

      • Understanding Cloning and PCR

      • Understanding DNA Sequencing

      • Understanding Restriction Endonucleases and RFLPs

    • Electrophoresis and Blots

      • Understanding Other Blots and Gels

      • Understanding PAGE and SDS-PAGE

      • Understanding Western Blots

    • Genetic Manipulation

      • Understanding Knockouts

      • Understanding Recombinant DNA

      • Understanding RNAi

    • Immunochemistry

      • Understanding Immunological Stains

    • Microscopy

      • Understanding Electron Microscopy

      • Understanding Light Microscopy

    • Other Lab Techniques

      • Understanding Identification Techniques

      • Understanding Other Techniques

      • Understanding Separation Techniques

  • Plant Biology

    • Plant Nutrition and Hydration

      • Understanding Plant Metabolism and Photosynthesis

      • Understanding Water Transport

    • Plant Reproduction

      • Understanding Plant Development

      • Understanding Plant Hormones

      • Understanding Plant Reproductive Structures

    • Plant Structures

      • Understanding Plant Macrostructures

      • Understanding Plant Microstructures

• GRE Subject Test: Chemistry

  • Analytical Chemistry

    • Analyzing Data

      • Calibrations and Precision

      • Diagrams, Graphs, and Tables

      • Error

      • Other Statistics

      • Variance and Standard Deviation

    • Analyzing Reactions

      • Acid-Base Analysis

      • Equilibrium Constant

      • Indicators and Complexometry

      • Limiting Reagent

      • Oxidation-Reduction Analysis

    • Analyzing Solids

      • Gravimetric Analysis

      • Mass Spectroscopy

      • Solubility and Precipitation

    • Chromatography

      • Column Chromatography

      • Thin Layer Chromatography

    • Electrochemical, Environmental, and Other Analyses

      • Electrochemical Analyses

      • Other Analytical Methods

    • Spectroscopy

      • HNMR and CNMR Spectroscopy

      • IR Spectroscopy

      • Other Spectroscopy

  • General Chemistry

    • Acid-Base Chemistry

      • Acid-Base Reactions

      • Lewis, Brønsted-Lowry, and Arrhenius Definitions

      • pH

      • Titrations

    • Elements and the Periodic Table

      • Elements, Ions, and Isotopes+3 topics

        • Ions and Isotopes

        • Metals

        • Non-Metals

      • Periodic Trends+4 topics

        • Atomic Radius

        • Electron Affinity

        • Electronegativity

        • Ionization Energy

    • Molecules and Compounds

      • Bonds and Forces+4 topics

        • Covalent Bonding

        • Hydrogen Bonding

        • Ionic Bonding

        • Other Intermolecular Forces

      • Diagrams and Geometry+3 topics

        • Lewis Diagrams

        • Molecular and Electronic Geometries

        • VSEPR Theory

    • Nuclear Chemistry

      • Electron Configuration

      • Filling Orbitals

      • Nuclear Decay

      • Orbitals and Orbital Hybridization

    • Reaction Chemistry

      • Chemical Equations

      • Equilibrium Constant and Reaction Quotient

      • Oxidation-Reduction Reactions

      • Reaction Equilibrium

      • Reactions with Inorganic Compounds

  • Organic Chemistry

    • Biochemistry

      • Carbohydrates

      • Lipids

      • Nucleic Acids

      • Polymerization

      • Proteins

    • Functional Group Reactions

      • Carbonyls+4 topics

        • Aldehyde Chemistry

        • Carboxylic Acid Chemistry

        • Ketone Chemistry

        • Other Carbonyl Chemistry

      • Hydrocarbons+4 topics

        • Alkane Chemistry

        • Alkene Chemistry

        • Alkyne Chemistry

        • Terpene Chemistry

      • Other Groups+5 topics

        • Alcohol Chemistry

        • Amine Chemistry

        • Aromatic Chemistry

        • Halide Chemistry

        • Sulfide Chemistry

    • Mechanisms and Intermediates

      • Intermediates+3 topics

        • Carbocations

        • Free Radicals

        • Other Intermediates

      • Reaction Mechanisms+4 topics

        • Electrophilic Addition

        • Electrophilic Substitution

        • Nucleophilic Addition

        • Nucleophilic Substitution

      • Reaction Types+4 topics

        • Acid-Base Reaction

        • Elimination Reactions

        • Oxidation-Reduction Reaction

        • Substitution Reactions

    • Stereochemistry

      • Diastereomers

      • Enantiomers

      • Epimers

      • Isomers

  • Physical Chemistry

    • Kinetics and Kinematics

      • Energetics

      • Kinematics

      • Reaction Rates and Reaction Order

    • Quantum Chemistry

      • Orbitals and Bonding

    • Thermodynamics and Phases

      • Classifying Reactions+2 topics

        • Endergonic and Exergonic Reactions

        • Endothermic and Exothermic Reactions

      • Colligative Properties+3 topics

        • Boiling Point

        • Freezing Point

        • Vapor Pressure

      • General Thermodynamics+5 topics

        • Enthalpy

        • Entropy

        • Gibbs Free Energy

        • Heat and Temperature

        • Laws of Thermodynamics

      • Phases of Matter+6 topics

        • Gases+2 topics

          • Gas Laws

          • Real Gases

        • Solids and Liquids+2 topics

          • Properties of Liquids

          • Properties of Solids

• GRE Subject Test: Literature in English

  • Cultural and Historical Contexts

    • Contexts of Plays

      • Contexts of American Plays+2 topics

        • Contexts of American Plays After 1925

        • Contexts of American Plays Before 1925

      • Contexts of British Plays+3 topics

        • Contexts of British Plays 1660–1925

        • Contexts of British Plays After 1925

        • Contexts of British Plays to 1660

      • Contexts of World Plays+2 topics

        • Contexts of World Plays After 1925

        • Contexts of World Plays Before 1925

    • Contexts of Poetry

      • Contexts of American Poetry+2 topics

        • Contexts of American Poetry After 1925

        • Contexts of American Poetry Before 1925

      • Contexts of British Poetry+3 topics

        • Contexts of British Poetry 1660–1925

        • Contexts of British Poetry After 1925

        • Contexts of British Poetry to 1660

      • Contexts of World Poetry+3 topics

        • Contexts of World Poetry 1660–1925

        • Contexts of World Poetry After 1925

        • Contexts of World Poetry to 1660

    • Contexts of Prose

      • Contexts of American Prose+2 topics

        • Contexts of American Prose After 1925

        • Contexts of American Prose Before 1925

      • Contexts of British Prose+3 topics

        • Contexts of British Prose 1660–1925

        • Contexts of British Prose After 1925

        • Contexts of British Prose to 1660

      • Contexts of World Prose+1 topic

        • Contexts of World Prose After 1925

  • History and Theory of Literary Criticism

    • Formalism and Historicism

      • Formalism / New Criticism

    • Other Critical Lenses

      • Aristotelian Criticism

      • Feminist Criticism

  • Identification

    • Identification of Plays

      • Identification of American Plays+2 topics

        • Identification of American Plays After 1925

        • Identification of American Plays Before 1925

      • Identification of British Plays+3 topics

        • Identification of British Plays 1660–1925

        • Identification of British Plays After 1925

        • Identification of British Plays to 1660

      • Identification of World Plays+2 topics

        • Identification of World Plays After 1925

        • Identification of World Plays Before 1925

    • Identification of Poetry

      • Identification of American Poetry+2 topics

        • Identification of American Poetry After 1925

        • Identification of American Poetry Before 1925

      • Identification of British Poetry+3 topics

        • Identification of British Poetry 1660–1925

        • Identification of British Poetry After 1925

        • Identification of British Poetry to 1660

      • Identification of World Poetry+2 topics

        • Identification of World Poetry After 1925

        • Identification of World Poetry Before 1925

    • Identification of Prose

      • Identification of American Prose+2 topics

        • Identification of American Prose After 1925

        • Identification of American Prose Before 1925

      • Identification of British Prose+3 topics

        • Identification of British Prose 1660–1925

        • Identification of British Prose After 1925

        • Identification of British Prose to 1660

      • Identification of World Prose+2 topics

        • Identification of World Prose After 1925

        • Identification of World Prose Before 1925

  • Literary Analysis

    • Literary Analysis of Plays

      • Literary Analysis of British Plays

    • Literary Analysis of Poetry

      • Literary Analysis of American Poetry+2 topics

        • Literary Analysis of American Poetry After 1925

        • Literary Analysis of American Poetry Before 1925

      • Literary Analysis of British Poetry+2 topics

        • Literary Analysis of British Poetry 1660–1925

        • Literary Analysis of British Poetry to 1660

      • Literary Analysis of World Poetry+1 topic

        • Literary Analysis of World Poetry Before 1925

    • Literary Analysis of Prose

      • Literary Analysis of American Prose

      • Literary Analysis of British Prose

• GRE Subject Test: Psychology

  • Experimental

    • Language

      • Phonemes, Morphemes, & Phrases

      • Speech Perception & Processing

      • Syntax

      • Verbal & Nonverbal Communication

    • Learning

      • Classical Conditioning

      • Instrumental Conditioning

      • Theories on Learning

    • Memory

      • Long-term Memory

      • Memory Systems & Processes

      • Theories on Memory

      • Types of Memory

    • Physiological & Behavioral Neuroscience

      • Central Structures & Processes

      • Cognitive Neuroscience

      • Hormonal Factors

      • Motivation, Arousal, & Emotion

      • Motor Structures & Functions

      • Neuromodulators & Drugs

      • Neurons

      • Other Theories & Issues in Neuroscience

      • Sensory Structures & Processes

      • States of Consciousness

    • Sensation & Perception

      • Attention

      • Audition

      • Gustation

      • Olfaction

      • Perceptual Organization

      • Somatosenses

      • Vision

    • Thinking

      • Problem Solving

      • Theories of Intelligence

  • Other Areas

    • General

      • Ethical Issues

      • History

    • Measurement & Methodology

      • Analyzing Research Findings

      • Construction, Reliability, & Validity of Testing Methods

      • Psychometrics

      • Scientific Method

      • Statistical Procedures

  • Social

    • Clinical & Abnormal

      • Causes & Development of Disorders

      • Clinical Assessment

      • Diagnostic Systems

      • Neurophysiological Factors

      • Prevention of Disorders

      • Stress, Conflict, Coping

      • Treatment of Disorders

    • Lifespan Development

      • Emotional Development

      • Intelligence Development

      • Language Development

      • Nature-Nurture

      • Perception & Cognition

      • Physical & Motor

      • Socialization, Family & Cultural Influences

    • Personality

      • Personality Assessment

      • Structure of Personality

      • Theories on Personality

    • Social Interactions

      • Attitudes & Behavior

      • Attraction & Close Relationships

      • Conformity, Influence, & Persuasion

      • Cultural Influences

      • Group & Intergroup Processes

      • Social Perception & Cognition