Hormonal Factors

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AP Psychology › Hormonal Factors

Questions 1 - 4
1

Which of the following areas in the brain is not a part of the endocrine system?

Pons

Thyroid

Pituitary Gland

Pineal Gland

Hypothalamus

Explanation

While each of the other options is involved in the release and/or inhibition of hormones (including the hypothalamus, which produces hormones that direct the rest of the endocrine system), the pons function as a relayer of messages from the cortex and the cerebellum.

2

A 19 year old female is walking home from her friends apartment when a dog beings to follow her. The girl becomes very nervous and begins to run. Which of the following neurotransmitters is responsible for her feelings of fear?

Acetylcholine

Dopamine

Neostigmine

Estrogen

Epinephrine

Explanation

This scenario is an example of a fight or flight response. Epinephrine is the only hormone listed here that is involved in this response. Another correct answer, not listed, would be norepinephrine. The other choices are incorrect. Acetylcholine is responsible for the "rest and digest" response. Dopamine is responsible for the body's reward system. Neostigmine is a drug that acts like acetylcholine. Last, estrogen is a female sex hormone.

3

A 19 year old female is walking home from her friends apartment when a dog beings to follow her. The girl is very nervous and begins to run. She makes it home and lays down on the couch. After a couple minutes she feels relaxed. Which of the following neurotransmitters is at a high level during relaxation?

Norepinephrine

Epinephrine

Dopamine

Acetylcholine

None of these

Explanation

Relaxation indicates that the body possesses a high level of acetylcholine. This is know as the "rest and digest" stage. Epinephrine and norepinephrine perform the opposite task of acetylcholine and are "fight or flight" neurotransmitters. Last, dopamine is a pleasure hormone

4

Numerous experimental studies on prairie voles has found that which of the following neurotransmitters affect monogamy?

Vasopressin and oxytocin

Estrogen and testosterone

Dopamine and seratonin

Epinephrine and nonepinephrine

Dopamine and testosterone

Explanation

Oxytocin and vasopressin receptors are more prevalent in prairie voles who have a pair-bond than in those who've yet to mate, indicating higher releases of those two neurotransmitters in monogamous prairie voles--prairie voles which are considered promiscuous, when does with both of these neurotransmitters, become monogamous.

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