The contractile ring formed during cytokinesis is composed of actin microfilaments (a component of the cytoskeleton) and the motor protein myosin. The extracellular matrix can be anchored to the cell via the actin cytoskeleton or the intermediate filament cytoskeleton, via adherens junctions or desmosomes.

Post-translational modifications of proteins commonly occur in the endoplasmic reticulum or the Golgi apparatus and do not involve the cytoskeleton. The same logic applies for post-transcriptional modifications of mRNA, except these occur in the nucleus.