The prostate gland is used to release fluid that adds to the fluidity of semen, and makes the semen alkaline in nature. This alkalinity helps counteract the acidity of the vaginal tract, and prolong the lifespan of the sperm.

Sperm are produced in the testes and are stored in the epididymis prior to release. The hormones involved in spermatogenesis are testosterone, produced by Leydig cells in the testes, and follicle-stimulating hormone, produced by the anterior pituitary.