How can you help a student become an independent learner?

Show them processes by which to study and learn on their own. Every student will have a style of learning that doesn't come as easily or naturally to them, but after learning the fundamentals of that subject, they'll be able to eventually succeed on their own

What might you do in a typical first session with a student?

I would spend a few minutes speaking with the student to gauge what exactly they were having trouble with and where exactly they want to be. I would then do some exercises with the student to figure out their strengths and weaknesses, including understanding of the fundamentals of a subject.

How would you help a student stay motivated?

Keeping progress in mind! Every student can improve in any subject, and to see how far you've already come can inspire you to look to how far you can go in the future.

If a student has difficulty learning a skill or concept, what would you do?

State the problem in different terms, or use real-world examples for an abstract problem. Also, make sure the student knows the underlying terms and concepts.

How would you help a student get excited/engaged with a subject that they are struggling in?

It is rare to find a subject (especially one I teach) that doesn't have either a useful or interesting application to it. The more the applications and point of the subject appear, the more the student will engage and be willing to put more work into improving the subject

What techniques would you use to be sure that a student understands the material?

Practice questions and asking the student to teach me!

How do you evaluate a student's needs?

Speaking with a student and understanding what questions the student can answer, as well as what questions the student might not be able to ask.

How do you adapt your tutoring to the student's needs?

I can speed up or slow down my tutoring style depending on the needs of the student. I can also go into lower or higher-level concepts depending on whether the student is struggling with or needs to be challenged in.