AP Human Geography Flashcards: Theories Of Development

What this deck covers

This deck focuses on Theories Of Development, giving you a quick way to review the definitions, rules, and examples that matter most for AP Human Geography.

How to use these flashcards

Work through these flashcards in short sessions. Try to answer each prompt before flipping the card, then revisit any cards you miss until the explanation feels automatic.

Flashcard 1: Identify the main goal of sustainable development.

Answer: Balance economic growth with environmental protection. Meets present needs without compromising future generations.

Flashcard 2: Identify a key feature of the 'Age of High Mass Consumption' stage.

Answer: Consumer-oriented society. Economy focused on mass production of consumer goods.

Flashcard 3: Which development model focuses on reducing poverty and inequality?

Answer: Human Development Approach. Emphasizes human capabilities and quality of life.

Flashcard 4: Name a characteristic of the 'periphery' in World-Systems Theory.

Answer: Low levels of industrialization. Less developed regions providing raw materials.

Flashcard 5: What is the final stage in Rostow's model of economic growth?

Answer: Age of High Mass Consumption. Society focused on consumer goods and services.

Flashcard 6: What is the focus of neoliberal development strategies?

Answer: Market-driven economic policies. Emphasizes privatization and trade liberalization.

Flashcard 7: What is the main focus of modernization theory?

Answer: Economic and social progress. Believes development follows Western industrialization model.

Flashcard 8: What is the main goal of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)?

Answer: Global sustainable progress. 17 interconnected goals for worldwide development by 2030.

Flashcard 9: Which theory incorporates environmental concerns into development planning?

Answer: Ecological Modernization Theory. Combines technological progress with environmental sustainability.

Flashcard 10: What does the Human Development Index (HDI) measure?

Answer: Life expectancy, education, and income. Three key indicators of human well-being and development.

Flashcard 11: What is the primary focus of the World-Systems Theory?

Answer: Global economic and political systems. Analyzes relationships between world regions and power.

Flashcard 12: What is GNI per capita used to measure?

Answer: Average income of a country's citizens. Economic indicator of national wealth per person.

Flashcard 13: What is the main goal of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)?

Answer: Global sustainable progress. 17 interconnected goals for worldwide development by 2030.

Flashcard 14: Identify a limitation of modernization theory.

Answer: Assumes a linear path of development. Ignores cultural differences and unique development paths.

Flashcard 15: What is a core characteristic of the 'core' in World-Systems Theory?

Answer: High level of industrialization. Advanced economies that dominate global trade.

Flashcard 16: What is one focus of the postcolonial critique in development?

Answer: Historical power imbalances. Examines ongoing effects of colonial exploitation.

Flashcard 17: What is a core characteristic of the 'core' in World-Systems Theory?

Answer: High level of industrialization. Advanced economies that dominate global trade.

Flashcard 18: Name one key indicator used in the HDI.

Answer: Life expectancy. Health component measuring average lifespan in years.

Flashcard 19: What is the main critique of the Human Development Index?

Answer: Oversimplification of development. Reduces complex development to three simple measures.

Flashcard 20: Identify the theory that divides the world into core, periphery, and semi-periphery.

Answer: World-Systems Theory. Wallerstein's framework showing global economic hierarchy.

Flashcard 21: What theory critiques neoliberalism for increasing inequality?

Answer: Dependency Theory. Argues free markets worsen global inequality.

Flashcard 22: Which theory suggests that underdevelopment is due to historical exploitation?

Answer: Dependency Theory. Blames colonial legacy and continued exploitation.

Flashcard 23: Name one key indicator used in the HDI.

Answer: Life expectancy. Health component measuring average lifespan in years.

Flashcard 24: Which theory suggests that underdevelopment is due to historical exploitation?

Answer: Dependency Theory. Blames colonial legacy and continued exploitation.

Flashcard 25: Which theory argues for the benefits of globalization in development?

Answer: Neoliberal Theory. Promotes free markets and reduced government intervention.

Flashcard 26: What is one advantage of sustainable development?

Answer: Long-term environmental sustainability. Ensures resources remain available for future use.

Flashcard 27: What is Rostow's first stage of economic growth?

Answer: Traditional Society. Characterized by subsistence agriculture and limited technology.

Flashcard 28: What is a primary goal of the UN's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)?

Answer: End poverty. First of 17 global development objectives by 2030.

Flashcard 29: Identify a key feature of the 'Age of High Mass Consumption' stage.

Answer: Consumer-oriented society. Economy focused on mass production of consumer goods.

Flashcard 30: Identify a critique of dependency theory.

Answer: Overemphasis on external factors. Criticized for downplaying internal development factors.

Flashcard 31: Identify one component of the Human Development Index.

Answer: Education level. Knowledge and schooling component of human development.

Flashcard 32: Which development theory focuses on sustainable development and environmental balance?

Answer: Sustainable Development. Balances economic growth with environmental protection.

Flashcard 33: What is GNI per capita used to measure?

Answer: Average income of a country's citizens. Economic indicator of national wealth per person.

Flashcard 34: Which theory emphasizes dependency and exploitation in global affairs?

Answer: Dependency Theory. Argues that poor countries are exploited by wealthy nations.

Flashcard 35: What term describes the economic disparity between more and less developed countries?

Answer: Development gap. Difference in economic development between world regions.

Flashcard 36: What is the third stage of Rostow's model of economic growth?

Answer: Takeoff. Period of rapid industrialization and sustained economic growth.

Flashcard 37: What is the primary focus of the World-Systems Theory?

Answer: Global economic and political systems. Analyzes relationships between world regions and power.

Flashcard 38: What term describes the economic disparity between more and less developed countries?

Answer: Development gap. Difference in economic development between world regions.

Flashcard 39: Which theory emphasizes dependency and exploitation in global affairs?

Answer: Dependency Theory. Argues that poor countries are exploited by wealthy nations.

Flashcard 40: What is the focus of neoliberal development strategies?

Answer: Market-driven economic policies. Emphasizes privatization and trade liberalization.

Flashcard 41: Which theory is associated with Immanuel Wallerstein?

Answer: World-Systems Theory. Created by sociologist studying global economic systems.

Flashcard 42: Which development theory emphasizes cultural influences?

Answer: Cultural Theory of Development. Recognizes culture's role in shaping development paths.

Flashcard 43: Which development theory emphasizes cultural influences?

Answer: Cultural Theory of Development. Recognizes culture's role in shaping development paths.

Flashcard 44: What is a primary goal of the UN's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)?

Answer: End poverty. First of 17 global development objectives by 2030.

Flashcard 45: Identify the theory that divides the world into core, periphery, and semi-periphery.

Answer: World-Systems Theory. Wallerstein's framework showing global economic hierarchy.

Flashcard 46: What is Rostow's first stage of economic growth?

Answer: Traditional Society. Characterized by subsistence agriculture and limited technology.

Flashcard 47: What is one advantage of sustainable development?

Answer: Long-term environmental sustainability. Ensures resources remain available for future use.

Flashcard 48: Which theory argues for the benefits of globalization in development?

Answer: Neoliberal Theory. Promotes free markets and reduced government intervention.

Flashcard 49: What does the Human Development Index (HDI) measure?

Answer: Life expectancy, education, and income. Three key indicators of human well-being and development.

Flashcard 50: Identify the primary critique of Rostow's model.

Answer: Eurocentrism. Model assumes Western development path is universal.

Flashcard 51: What does the ecological footprint measure?

Answer: Human demand on natural resources. Calculates human impact on Earth's ecosystems.

Flashcard 52: What is a primary critique of the World-Systems Theory?

Answer: Neglect of local factors. Theory criticized for ignoring unique national circumstances.

Flashcard 53: Which theory is criticized for being too deterministic?

Answer: Dependency Theory. Theory seen as overly rigid in explaining development.

Flashcard 54: Which theory is associated with Immanuel Wallerstein?

Answer: World-Systems Theory. Created by sociologist studying global economic systems.

Flashcard 55: What does the term 'semi-periphery' refer to in World-Systems Theory?

Answer: Intermediate regions between core and periphery. Countries with mixed characteristics of core and periphery.

Flashcard 56: Name the fourth stage in Rostow's model of economic growth.

Answer: Drive to Maturity. Economy diversifies and technology advances across sectors.

Flashcard 57: Identify the second stage in Rostow's model of economic growth.

Answer: Preconditions for Takeoff. Society begins developing infrastructure for economic growth.

Flashcard 58: What is the Brandt Line?

Answer: Division between the Global North and South. Geographic boundary separating rich and poor nations.

Flashcard 59: What does the term 'semi-periphery' refer to in World-Systems Theory?

Answer: Intermediate regions between core and periphery. Countries with mixed characteristics of core and periphery.

Flashcard 60: Identify a critique of dependency theory.

Answer: Overemphasis on external factors. Criticized for downplaying internal development factors.

Flashcard 61: What is the Brandt Line?

Answer: Division between the Global North and South. Geographic boundary separating rich and poor nations.

Flashcard 62: Which theory incorporates environmental concerns into development planning?

Answer: Ecological Modernization Theory. Combines technological progress with environmental sustainability.

Flashcard 63: What is the main critique of the Human Development Index?

Answer: Oversimplification of development. Reduces complex development to three simple measures.

Flashcard 64: What theory critiques neoliberalism for increasing inequality?

Answer: Dependency Theory. Argues free markets worsen global inequality.

Flashcard 65: What is the main focus of modernization theory?

Answer: Economic and social progress. Believes development follows Western industrialization model.

Flashcard 66: Which development theory focuses on sustainable development and environmental balance?

Answer: Sustainable Development. Balances economic growth with environmental protection.

Flashcard 67: Identify the main goal of sustainable development.

Answer: Balance economic growth with environmental protection. Meets present needs without compromising future generations.

Flashcard 68: What is a primary critique of the World-Systems Theory?

Answer: Neglect of local factors. Theory criticized for ignoring unique national circumstances.

Flashcard 69: Which development model focuses on reducing poverty and inequality?

Answer: Human Development Approach. Emphasizes human capabilities and quality of life.

Flashcard 70: Which theory is criticized for being too deterministic?

Answer: Dependency Theory. Theory seen as overly rigid in explaining development.

Flashcard 71: Identify a limitation of modernization theory.

Answer: Assumes a linear path of development. Ignores cultural differences and unique development paths.

Flashcard 72: Identify the primary critique of Rostow's model.

Answer: Eurocentrism. Model assumes Western development path is universal.

Flashcard 73: Name a characteristic of the 'periphery' in World-Systems Theory.

Answer: Low levels of industrialization. Less developed regions providing raw materials.

Flashcard 74: Name the fourth stage in Rostow's model of economic growth.

Answer: Drive to Maturity. Economy diversifies and technology advances across sectors.

Flashcard 75: Identify the second stage in Rostow's model of economic growth.

Answer: Preconditions for Takeoff. Society begins developing infrastructure for economic growth.

Flashcard 76: What is the third stage of Rostow's model of economic growth?

Answer: Takeoff. Period of rapid industrialization and sustained economic growth.

Flashcard 77: What is the final stage in Rostow's model of economic growth?

Answer: Age of High Mass Consumption. Society focused on consumer goods and services.

Flashcard 78: Identify one component of the Human Development Index.

Answer: Education level. Knowledge and schooling component of human development.

Flashcard 79: What does the ecological footprint measure?

Answer: Human demand on natural resources. Calculates human impact on Earth's ecosystems.

Flashcard 80: What is one focus of the postcolonial critique in development?

Answer: Historical power imbalances. Examines ongoing effects of colonial exploitation.