AP Human Geography Flashcards: Women And Economic Development

What this deck covers

This deck focuses on Women And Economic Development, giving you a quick way to review the definitions, rules, and examples that matter most for AP Human Geography.

How to use these flashcards

Work through these flashcards in short sessions. Try to answer each prompt before flipping the card, then revisit any cards you miss until the explanation feels automatic.

Flashcard 1: What is the 'care economy'?

Answer: Sector involving caregiving and domestic work, often unpaid. Essential for society but often invisible in economic calculations.

Flashcard 2: Identify a legal barrier to women's economic participation.

Answer: Restrictions on property ownership. Legal frameworks may prevent women from owning assets or businesses.

Flashcard 3: Identify a sector where women are often underrepresented.

Answer: Technology. The digital divide affects women's access to high-paying tech jobs.

Flashcard 4: Identify a cultural factor affecting women's economic roles.

Answer: Traditional gender roles. Cultural expectations can limit women's career choices and advancement.

Flashcard 5: Identify one international organization promoting women's economic development.

Answer: UN Women. Works to achieve gender equality and women's empowerment worldwide.

Flashcard 6: Name a strategy for increasing women's representation in leadership positions.

Answer: Implementing quotas. Affirmative action to overcome historical underrepresentation.

Flashcard 7: What does 'gender wage gap' refer to?

Answer: The difference in earnings between men and women. Persistent globally, with women earning less than men for similar work.

Flashcard 8: What is one major barrier to women's economic participation?

Answer: Gender-based violence. Creates fear and limits mobility, reducing economic opportunities.

Flashcard 9: Identify a key factor affecting women's economic development.

Answer: Access to education. Education opens doors to better employment and higher wages.

Flashcard 10: What does 'gender equity' mean in economic terms?

Answer: Fair treatment and equitable opportunities for all genders. Focuses on fair outcomes, not just equal treatment.

Flashcard 11: What does the term 'glass ceiling' refer to?

Answer: Invisible barrier preventing women from rising to top positions. Despite qualifications, women face barriers to executive and leadership roles.

Flashcard 12: What is 'time poverty' in the context of women's development?

Answer: Lack of time for rest and leisure due to unpaid labor burdens. Limits personal development and economic opportunities for advancement.

Flashcard 13: Name a benefit of gender diversity in the workplace.

Answer: Increased innovation and problem-solving. Diverse teams perform better and generate more creative solutions.

Flashcard 14: What does the term 'informal economy' mean?

Answer: Economic activities not regulated by the government. Many women work in informal sectors with less protection and benefits.

Flashcard 15: Identify a policy that can enhance women's economic development.

Answer: Paid parental leave. Helps women balance work and family responsibilities.

Flashcard 16: Identify one international organization promoting women's economic development.

Answer: UN Women. Works to achieve gender equality and women's empowerment worldwide.

Flashcard 17: What is 'economic gender parity'?

Answer: Equal participation and opportunity for men and women in the economy. Goal of eliminating gender-based economic disparities entirely.

Flashcard 18: What does 'gender wage gap' refer to?

Answer: The difference in earnings between men and women. Persistent globally, with women earning less than men for similar work.

Flashcard 19: What does 'gender-responsive budgeting' entail?

Answer: Allocating resources in a way that addresses gender disparities. Ensures public spending addresses gender-specific needs and barriers.

Flashcard 20: What is the significance of land ownership for women?

Answer: Land ownership provides economic security and empowerment. Collateral for loans and source of income, especially in agriculture.

Flashcard 21: Name one benefit of women's economic empowerment.

Answer: Improved family well-being. Women invest more earnings in family health and education than men.

Flashcard 22: How does access to healthcare impact women's economic participation?

Answer: Improves productivity and reduces absenteeism. Good health is fundamental to consistent workforce participation.

Flashcard 23: What is the impact of domestic violence on women's economic opportunities?

Answer: Limits job opportunities and economic independence. Trauma affects productivity and may force women out of workforce.

Flashcard 24: What is 'women's entrepreneurship'?

Answer: Women starting and managing their own businesses. Creates jobs and drives innovation when women have equal access to resources.

Flashcard 25: What is the Gender Inequality Index (GII)?

Answer: A composite measure reflecting inequality in achievements between women and men. Measured by the United Nations to track gender disparities globally.

Flashcard 26: What is the relationship between women's health and economic development?

Answer: Better health leads to increased productivity. Healthy women can work more consistently and effectively.

Flashcard 27: Identify a key factor affecting women's economic development.

Answer: Access to education. Education opens doors to better employment and higher wages.

Flashcard 28: Define 'feminization of poverty'.

Answer: Increasing concentration of poverty among women. Women disproportionately affected by poverty due to structural inequalities.

Flashcard 29: Which term describes women's unpaid labor in the home?

Answer: Reproductive labor. Includes childcare, housework, and elder care, often undervalued economically.

Flashcard 30: What is meant by 'economic empowerment' for women?

Answer: Women's ability to participate equally in markets and access economic resources. Includes equal pay, property rights, and business ownership opportunities.

Flashcard 31: How does women's access to technology impact economic development?

Answer: Facilitates entrepreneurship and market access. Digital tools enable remote work and business development.

Flashcard 32: What is the significance of microfinance for women?

Answer: Provides small loans to women to start businesses and gain financial independence. Particularly important in developing countries where traditional banking is limited.

Flashcard 33: What is 'gender mainstreaming'?

Answer: Integrating gender perspectives into all policies and programs. Ensures gender considerations are embedded in all development initiatives.

Flashcard 34: What is the impact of domestic violence on women's economic opportunities?

Answer: Limits job opportunities and economic independence. Trauma affects productivity and may force women out of workforce.

Flashcard 35: What role do Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) play in women's economic development?

Answer: Provide resources, training, and advocacy for women's economic rights. Fill gaps where government programs may be insufficient or absent.

Flashcard 36: How does access to childcare affect women's economic development?

Answer: Enables women to work outside the home. Reduces the 'double burden' of paid work and unpaid domestic duties.

Flashcard 37: Name a benefit of gender diversity in the workplace.

Answer: Increased innovation and problem-solving. Diverse teams perform better and generate more creative solutions.

Flashcard 38: What is the significance of gender data in economic planning?

Answer: Informs policies to address gender disparities. Evidence-based approach to creating effective gender equality policies.

Flashcard 39: What role does networking play in women's economic development?

Answer: Builds social capital and business opportunities. Professional connections lead to mentorship and business opportunities.

Flashcard 40: What is the significance of land ownership for women?

Answer: Land ownership provides economic security and empowerment. Collateral for loans and source of income, especially in agriculture.

Flashcard 41: What is the significance of gender data in economic planning?

Answer: Informs policies to address gender disparities. Evidence-based approach to creating effective gender equality policies.

Flashcard 42: What is 'women's entrepreneurship'?

Answer: Women starting and managing their own businesses. Creates jobs and drives innovation when women have equal access to resources.

Flashcard 43: How does access to healthcare impact women's economic participation?

Answer: Improves productivity and reduces absenteeism. Good health is fundamental to consistent workforce participation.

Flashcard 44: Which index measures gender-based disparities in economic participation?

Answer: Global Gender Gap Index. Published annually by the World Economic Forum.

Flashcard 45: Name one indicator used in the Gender Inequality Index.

Answer: Maternal mortality rate. Measures health outcomes reflecting gender inequality in healthcare access.

Flashcard 46: How does access to childcare affect women's economic development?

Answer: Enables women to work outside the home. Reduces the 'double burden' of paid work and unpaid domestic duties.

Flashcard 47: What is the relationship between women's health and economic development?

Answer: Better health leads to increased productivity. Healthy women can work more consistently and effectively.

Flashcard 48: What is 'occupational segregation'?

Answer: The division of jobs into male and female-dominated roles. Often results in lower pay and fewer advancement opportunities for women.

Flashcard 49: How does women's participation in politics influence economic development?

Answer: Leads to more inclusive and equitable policy decisions. Women leaders often prioritize social spending and economic inclusion.

Flashcard 50: What does the term 'glass ceiling' refer to?

Answer: Invisible barrier preventing women from rising to top positions. Despite qualifications, women face barriers to executive and leadership roles.

Flashcard 51: What is meant by 'economic empowerment' for women?

Answer: Women's ability to participate equally in markets and access economic resources. Includes equal pay, property rights, and business ownership opportunities.

Flashcard 52: Name a strategy for increasing women's representation in leadership positions.

Answer: Implementing quotas. Affirmative action to overcome historical underrepresentation.

Flashcard 53: What is 'occupational segregation'?

Answer: The division of jobs into male and female-dominated roles. Often results in lower pay and fewer advancement opportunities for women.

Flashcard 54: Which term describes women's unpaid labor in the home?

Answer: Reproductive labor. Includes childcare, housework, and elder care, often undervalued economically.

Flashcard 55: State one impact of women's education on economic development.

Answer: Increased productivity and economic growth. Educated women contribute more to GDP and economic innovation.

Flashcard 56: What does 'gender-responsive budgeting' entail?

Answer: Allocating resources in a way that addresses gender disparities. Ensures public spending addresses gender-specific needs and barriers.

Flashcard 57: What is the significance of microfinance for women?

Answer: Provides small loans to women to start businesses and gain financial independence. Particularly important in developing countries where traditional banking is limited.

Flashcard 58: Identify a legal barrier to women's economic participation.

Answer: Restrictions on property ownership. Legal frameworks may prevent women from owning assets or businesses.

Flashcard 59: What role do Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) play in women's economic development?

Answer: Provide resources, training, and advocacy for women's economic rights. Fill gaps where government programs may be insufficient or absent.

Flashcard 60: Identify a cultural factor affecting women's economic roles.

Answer: Traditional gender roles. Cultural expectations can limit women's career choices and advancement.

Flashcard 61: What is 'time poverty' in the context of women's development?

Answer: Lack of time for rest and leisure due to unpaid labor burdens. Limits personal development and economic opportunities for advancement.

Flashcard 62: Name one benefit of women's economic empowerment.

Answer: Improved family well-being. Women invest more earnings in family health and education than men.

Flashcard 63: What is 'gender-sensitive policy-making'?

Answer: Creating policies that consider the impacts on different genders. Analyzes how policies affect men and women differently.

Flashcard 64: What role does networking play in women's economic development?

Answer: Builds social capital and business opportunities. Professional connections lead to mentorship and business opportunities.

Flashcard 65: What is 'economic gender parity'?

Answer: Equal participation and opportunity for men and women in the economy. Goal of eliminating gender-based economic disparities entirely.

Flashcard 66: What is 'gender mainstreaming'?

Answer: Integrating gender perspectives into all policies and programs. Ensures gender considerations are embedded in all development initiatives.

Flashcard 67: Name one indicator used in the Gender Inequality Index.

Answer: Maternal mortality rate. Measures health outcomes reflecting gender inequality in healthcare access.

Flashcard 68: What is one major barrier to women's economic participation?

Answer: Gender-based violence. Creates fear and limits mobility, reducing economic opportunities.

Flashcard 69: Identify a sector where women are often underrepresented.

Answer: Technology. The digital divide affects women's access to high-paying tech jobs.

Flashcard 70: How does women's access to technology impact economic development?

Answer: Facilitates entrepreneurship and market access. Digital tools enable remote work and business development.

Flashcard 71: State one impact of women's education on economic development.

Answer: Increased productivity and economic growth. Educated women contribute more to GDP and economic innovation.

Flashcard 72: Define 'feminization of poverty'.

Answer: Increasing concentration of poverty among women. Women disproportionately affected by poverty due to structural inequalities.

Flashcard 73: What does 'gender equity' mean in economic terms?

Answer: Fair treatment and equitable opportunities for all genders. Focuses on fair outcomes, not just equal treatment.

Flashcard 74: Identify a policy that can enhance women's economic development.

Answer: Paid parental leave. Helps women balance work and family responsibilities.

Flashcard 75: What is the 'care economy'?

Answer: Sector involving caregiving and domestic work, often unpaid. Essential for society but often invisible in economic calculations.

Flashcard 76: What is 'gender-sensitive policy-making'?

Answer: Creating policies that consider the impacts on different genders. Analyzes how policies affect men and women differently.

Flashcard 77: What does the term 'informal economy' mean?

Answer: Economic activities not regulated by the government. Many women work in informal sectors with less protection and benefits.

Flashcard 78: How does women's participation in politics influence economic development?

Answer: Leads to more inclusive and equitable policy decisions. Women leaders often prioritize social spending and economic inclusion.

Flashcard 79: Which index measures gender-based disparities in economic participation?

Answer: Global Gender Gap Index. Published annually by the World Economic Forum.

Flashcard 80: What is the Gender Inequality Index (GII)?

Answer: A composite measure reflecting inequality in achievements between women and men. Measured by the United Nations to track gender disparities globally.