Women and Economic Development - AP Human Geography

Sector involving caregiving and domestic work, often unpaid. Essential for society but often invisible in economic calculations.

Informs policies to address gender disparities. Evidence-based approach to creating effective gender equality policies.

Increased innovation and problem-solving. Diverse teams perform better and generate more creative solutions.

Women starting and managing their own businesses. Creates jobs and drives innovation when women have equal access to resources.

Improves productivity and reduces absenteeism. Good health is fundamental to consistent workforce participation.

Economic activities not regulated by the government. Many women work in informal sectors with less protection and benefits.

Enables women to work outside the home. Reduces the 'double burden' of paid work and unpaid domestic duties.

A composite measure reflecting inequality in achievements between women and men. Measured by the United Nations to track gender disparities globally.

Access to education. Education opens doors to better employment and higher wages.

Women's ability to participate equally in markets and access economic resources. Includes equal pay, property rights, and business ownership opportunities.

Maternal mortality rate. Measures health outcomes reflecting gender inequality in healthcare access.

Reproductive labor. Includes childcare, housework, and elder care, often undervalued economically.

Invisible barrier preventing women from rising to top positions. Despite qualifications, women face barriers to executive and leadership roles.

Provides small loans to women to start businesses and gain financial independence. Particularly important in developing countries where traditional banking is limited.

UN Women. Works to achieve gender equality and women's empowerment worldwide.

Provide resources, training, and advocacy for women's economic rights. Fill gaps where government programs may be insufficient or absent.

Increasing concentration of poverty among women. Women disproportionately affected by poverty due to structural inequalities.

Gender-based violence. Creates fear and limits mobility, reducing economic opportunities.

The difference in earnings between men and women. Persistent globally, with women earning less than men for similar work.

The division of jobs into male and female-dominated roles. Often results in lower pay and fewer advancement opportunities for women.

Increased productivity and economic growth. Educated women contribute more to GDP and economic innovation.

Allocating resources in a way that addresses gender disparities. Ensures public spending addresses gender-specific needs and barriers.

Technology. The digital divide affects women's access to high-paying tech jobs.

Better health leads to increased productivity. Healthy women can work more consistently and effectively.

Equal participation and opportunity for men and women in the economy. Goal of eliminating gender-based economic disparities entirely.

Global Gender Gap Index. Published annually by the World Economic Forum.

Sector involving caregiving and domestic work, often unpaid. Essential for society but often invisible in economic calculations.

Traditional gender roles. Cultural expectations can limit women's career choices and advancement.

Land ownership provides economic security and empowerment. Collateral for loans and source of income, especially in agriculture.