AP Human Geography Flashcards: Sustainable Development

What this deck covers

This deck focuses on Sustainable Development, giving you a quick way to review the definitions, rules, and examples that matter most for AP Human Geography.

How to use these flashcards

Work through these flashcards in short sessions. Try to answer each prompt before flipping the card, then revisit any cards you miss until the explanation feels automatic.

Flashcard 1: What is the purpose of the Kyoto Protocol?

Answer: To reduce greenhouse gas emissions globally. International treaty requiring developed countries to cut emissions.

Flashcard 2: Which principle advocates for precautionary measures in environmental management?

Answer: The precautionary principle. Takes preventive action despite scientific uncertainty.

Flashcard 3: What does the term 'green economy' refer to?

Answer: An economy that reduces environmental risks and ecological scarcities. Promotes sustainable development while improving human well-being.

Flashcard 4: What is the significance of biodiversity in sustainable development?

Answer: It supports ecosystem services vital for human survival. Diverse ecosystems provide resilience and essential services.

Flashcard 5: What is the purpose of the Green Climate Fund?

Answer: To finance projects combating climate change in developing countries. Supports developing nations' transition to low-carbon development.

Flashcard 6: Identify three pillars of sustainable development.

Answer: Economic, environmental, and social pillars. The three interconnected dimensions forming the foundation of sustainability.

Flashcard 7: How does sustainable development promote peace and justice?

Answer: By fostering inclusive societies and reducing conflict. Stable societies support long-term sustainable development.

Flashcard 8: Which UN initiative outlines 17 goals for sustainable development?

Answer: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Adopted by UN in 2015, targeting achievement by 2030.

Flashcard 9: Which agreement aims to limit global temperature rise to below 2°C?

Answer: The Paris Agreement. 2015 climate accord strengthening global response to climate threats.

Flashcard 10: How does sustainable development address inequality?

Answer: By promoting equal opportunities and reducing disparities. Social equity is essential for long-term sustainability.

Flashcard 11: Identify an action to promote gender equality in sustainable development.

Answer: Ensure equal access to education for girls. Education empowers women and promotes gender equality.

Flashcard 12: Which principle emphasizes the need to consider future generations?

Answer: Intergenerational equity. Ensures fairness between current and future generations.

Flashcard 13: How does sustainable development address inequality?

Answer: By promoting equal opportunities and reducing disparities. Social equity is essential for long-term sustainability.

Flashcard 14: What is a primary goal of sustainable energy?

Answer: To provide clean and affordable energy for all. Reduces dependence on fossil fuels and carbon emissions.

Flashcard 15: Which SDG focuses on clean water and sanitation?

Answer: Goal 6. Ensures availability and sustainable management of water for all.

Flashcard 16: What is the primary focus of Goal 7 of the SDGs?

Answer: Affordable and clean energy. Ensures access to reliable, modern energy services for all.

Flashcard 17: Which term describes the integration of economic, social, and environmental policies?

Answer: Policy coherence for sustainable development. Aligns policies across sectors for maximum sustainability impact.

Flashcard 18: What is the significance of biodiversity in sustainable development?

Answer: It supports ecosystem services vital for human survival. Diverse ecosystems provide resilience and essential services.

Flashcard 19: What is the objective of sustainable resource management?

Answer: To use resources efficiently and reduce waste. Ensures resources remain available for future generations.

Flashcard 20: What is an example of an ecosystem service?

Answer: Pollination by bees. Natural processes that benefit humans without direct payment.

Flashcard 21: What is the target of Goal 4 of the SDGs?

Answer: Quality education for all. Ensures inclusive and equitable education opportunities for all.

Flashcard 22: What is the role of technology in sustainable development?

Answer: To innovate solutions that reduce environmental impact. Technology enables efficiency gains and cleaner production methods.

Flashcard 23: What does the term 'carbon footprint' measure?

Answer: Total greenhouse gases emitted by an individual or organization. Quantifies climate impact of activities and consumption patterns.

Flashcard 24: Which SDG targets sustainable economic growth?

Answer: Goal 8. Promotes sustained, inclusive economic growth and decent work.

Flashcard 25: Identify an action to promote gender equality in sustainable development.

Answer: Ensure equal access to education for girls. Education empowers women and promotes gender equality.

Flashcard 26: Which SDG targets sustainable economic growth?

Answer: Goal 8. Promotes sustained, inclusive economic growth and decent work.

Flashcard 27: What is Goal 1 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)?

Answer: No poverty. First SDG aims to end poverty in all forms everywhere.

Flashcard 28: Which principle involves reducing emissions to zero by balancing with removals?

Answer: Net-zero emissions. Achieved by offsetting remaining emissions with carbon removal.

Flashcard 29: What does 'resilience' refer to in sustainable development?

Answer: Ability to recover from environmental and economic shocks. Enables systems to adapt and thrive despite disruptions.

Flashcard 30: What is the purpose of Agenda 21?

Answer: To promote sustainable development globally. 1992 action plan for sustainable development implementation.

Flashcard 31: How does sustainable development promote peace and justice?

Answer: By fostering inclusive societies and reducing conflict. Stable societies support long-term sustainable development.

Flashcard 32: Identify one strategy for achieving sustainable urban development.

Answer: Promoting public transportation. Reduces car dependency and urban air pollution.

Flashcard 33: Identify a key element of sustainable communities.

Answer: Inclusive and participatory decision-making. Engages all stakeholders in community development decisions.

Flashcard 34: Which SDG focuses on life below water?

Answer: Goal 14. Conserves and sustainably uses oceans, seas, and marine resources.

Flashcard 35: What is the aim of Goal 15 of the SDGs?

Answer: To protect, restore, and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems. Protects forests, combats desertification, and halts biodiversity loss.

Flashcard 36: What is the purpose of the Green Climate Fund?

Answer: To finance projects combating climate change in developing countries. Supports developing nations' transition to low-carbon development.

Flashcard 37: Identify the main feature of sustainable agriculture.

Answer: Conserving resources and maintaining soil fertility. Ensures long-term productivity without environmental degradation.

Flashcard 38: Identify the main feature of sustainable agriculture.

Answer: Conserving resources and maintaining soil fertility. Ensures long-term productivity without environmental degradation.

Flashcard 39: What does 'resilience' refer to in sustainable development?

Answer: Ability to recover from environmental and economic shocks. Enables systems to adapt and thrive despite disruptions.

Flashcard 40: What is the purpose of Agenda 21?

Answer: To promote sustainable development globally. 1992 action plan for sustainable development implementation.

Flashcard 41: Which concept measures the use of natural resources against biocapacity?

Answer: Ecological footprint. Compares human demand on nature with Earth's regenerative capacity.

Flashcard 42: What is the role of technology in sustainable development?

Answer: To innovate solutions that reduce environmental impact. Technology enables efficiency gains and cleaner production methods.

Flashcard 43: What does 'sustainable tourism' aim to achieve?

Answer: Minimize environmental impact and support local economies. Balances visitor needs with destination conservation.

Flashcard 44: Which agreement aims to limit global temperature rise to below 2°C?

Answer: The Paris Agreement. 2015 climate accord strengthening global response to climate threats.

Flashcard 45: What is the aim of the Brundtland Report?

Answer: To define and promote sustainable development globally. Published in 1987, it established the modern definition of sustainable development.

Flashcard 46: Which SDG addresses health and well-being?

Answer: Goal 3. Ensures healthy lives and promotes well-being for all ages.

Flashcard 47: What is the objective of sustainable resource management?

Answer: To use resources efficiently and reduce waste. Ensures resources remain available for future generations.

Flashcard 48: What is a key characteristic of a circular economy?

Answer: Minimizing waste by reusing and recycling resources. Contrasts with linear 'take-make-waste' economic model.

Flashcard 49: What is Goal 1 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)?

Answer: No poverty. First SDG aims to end poverty in all forms everywhere.

Flashcard 50: What is the definition of sustainable development?

Answer: Development that meets present needs without compromising future generations. Balances current needs with future generations' ability to meet theirs.

Flashcard 51: What is the definition of sustainable development?

Answer: Development that meets present needs without compromising future generations. Balances current needs with future generations' ability to meet theirs.

Flashcard 52: What is the primary focus of Goal 7 of the SDGs?

Answer: Affordable and clean energy. Ensures access to reliable, modern energy services for all.

Flashcard 53: What is the target of Goal 4 of the SDGs?

Answer: Quality education for all. Ensures inclusive and equitable education opportunities for all.

Flashcard 54: Which principle advocates for precautionary measures in environmental management?

Answer: The precautionary principle. Takes preventive action despite scientific uncertainty.

Flashcard 55: Which SDG focuses on life below water?

Answer: Goal 14. Conserves and sustainably uses oceans, seas, and marine resources.

Flashcard 56: What is a primary goal of sustainable energy?

Answer: To provide clean and affordable energy for all. Reduces dependence on fossil fuels and carbon emissions.

Flashcard 57: Which SDG addresses responsible consumption and production?

Answer: Goal 12. Ensures sustainable patterns of consumption and production worldwide.

Flashcard 58: What does 'sustainable infrastructure' entail?

Answer: Infrastructure that is environmentally, economically, and socially sustainable. Meets current needs without compromising future functionality.

Flashcard 59: Identify a key element of sustainable communities.

Answer: Inclusive and participatory decision-making. Engages all stakeholders in community development decisions.

Flashcard 60: Which concept measures the use of natural resources against biocapacity?

Answer: Ecological footprint. Compares human demand on nature with Earth's regenerative capacity.

Flashcard 61: What does 'sustainable tourism' aim to achieve?

Answer: Minimize environmental impact and support local economies. Balances visitor needs with destination conservation.

Flashcard 62: What does the term 'green economy' refer to?

Answer: An economy that reduces environmental risks and ecological scarcities. Promotes sustainable development while improving human well-being.

Flashcard 63: What is the purpose of the Kyoto Protocol?

Answer: To reduce greenhouse gas emissions globally. International treaty requiring developed countries to cut emissions.

Flashcard 64: What is the aim of the Brundtland Report?

Answer: To define and promote sustainable development globally. Published in 1987, it established the modern definition of sustainable development.

Flashcard 65: What does 'sustainable infrastructure' entail?

Answer: Infrastructure that is environmentally, economically, and socially sustainable. Meets current needs without compromising future functionality.

Flashcard 66: What is the aim of Goal 15 of the SDGs?

Answer: To protect, restore, and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems. Protects forests, combats desertification, and halts biodiversity loss.

Flashcard 67: Which term describes the integration of economic, social, and environmental policies?

Answer: Policy coherence for sustainable development. Aligns policies across sectors for maximum sustainability impact.

Flashcard 68: Which UN initiative outlines 17 goals for sustainable development?

Answer: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Adopted by UN in 2015, targeting achievement by 2030.

Flashcard 69: What is a key characteristic of a circular economy?

Answer: Minimizing waste by reusing and recycling resources. Contrasts with linear 'take-make-waste' economic model.

Flashcard 70: Which SDG addresses health and well-being?

Answer: Goal 3. Ensures healthy lives and promotes well-being for all ages.

Flashcard 71: Identify three pillars of sustainable development.

Answer: Economic, environmental, and social pillars. The three interconnected dimensions forming the foundation of sustainability.

Flashcard 72: Which principle emphasizes the need to consider future generations?

Answer: Intergenerational equity. Ensures fairness between current and future generations.

Flashcard 73: Which SDG focuses on clean water and sanitation?

Answer: Goal 6. Ensures availability and sustainable management of water for all.

Flashcard 74: Which SDG addresses responsible consumption and production?

Answer: Goal 12. Ensures sustainable patterns of consumption and production worldwide.

Flashcard 75: What is Goal 13 of the SDGs?

Answer: Climate action. Focuses on urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts.

Flashcard 76: Which principle involves reducing emissions to zero by balancing with removals?

Answer: Net-zero emissions. Achieved by offsetting remaining emissions with carbon removal.

Flashcard 77: Identify one strategy for achieving sustainable urban development.

Answer: Promoting public transportation. Reduces car dependency and urban air pollution.

Flashcard 78: What is Goal 13 of the SDGs?

Answer: Climate action. Focuses on urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts.

Flashcard 79: What does the term 'carbon footprint' measure?

Answer: Total greenhouse gases emitted by an individual or organization. Quantifies climate impact of activities and consumption patterns.

Flashcard 80: What is an example of an ecosystem service?

Answer: Pollination by bees. Natural processes that benefit humans without direct payment.