The Second Agricultural Revolution - AP Human Geography

It increased food supply significantly. Revolutionary techniques dramatically increased agricultural output.

The seed drill. This device precisely placed seeds at optimal depths and spacing.

To increase agricultural productivity. This revolution focused on efficiency gains through new techniques and technologies.

Advancements in technology. Innovation and engineering enabled development of agricultural machinery.

Growth of urban populations. Rural-to-urban migration created new social structures and communities.

Increased agricultural output supported more trade. Agricultural surplus provided goods for domestic and international commerce.

The threshing machine. Meikle's machine revolutionized post-harvest grain processing efficiency.

Reduced need for manual labor. Mechanization displaced many agricultural workers to urban areas.

Increased availability of diverse foods. Greater variety and quantity of food improved nutrition and health.

To maintain soil fertility and crop yields. This systematic rotation maximized productivity without soil degradation.

Boosted agricultural productivity and trade. Higher productivity generated surplus crops for commercial markets.

Decreased rural populations. Agricultural mechanization reduced the need for rural workers.

The enclosure system. Consolidating scattered plots created larger, more manageable farms.

Led to advancements in agricultural techniques. Scientific study of soils and plants guided agricultural improvements.

Increased efficiency in grain processing. This machine separated grain from stalks much faster than hand methods.

Wheat. New cultivation methods significantly improved cereal grain production.

Increased productivity due to mechanization. Machines enabled fewer workers to produce more output per person.

Provided labor force and raw materials. Agricultural surplus enabled industrial development and urbanization.

Alternating crops to replenish soil nutrients. This system prevented soil exhaustion while maximizing yields.

The Leicester sheep. Selective breeding created this improved wool and meat producer.

Scientific crop management. Scientific approaches replaced traditional farming methods with proven techniques.

Enhanced soil fertility and crop yields. Fertilizers replenished depleted nutrients and boosted productivity.

They allowed for deeper tilling of soil. Deeper plowing improved soil aeration and nutrient distribution.

18th to 19th century. This period marked the transition from subsistence to commercial agriculture.

It spurred urbanization by creating surplus labor. Agricultural efficiency freed workers to move to cities for industrial jobs.

It increased soil fertility and yields. Rotating different crops restored nitrogen and prevented soil depletion.

The middle class. Agricultural prosperity created wealth and new commercial opportunities.

It consolidated land for more efficient farming. Private ownership replaced common fields, enabling systematic improvements.

Increased agricultural production led to lower food prices. Higher yields reduced costs and made food more accessible to all classes.