Introduction to Agriculture - AP Human Geography

To minimize pest damage with minimal environmental impact. Combines biological, cultural, and chemical controls strategically.

To maintain environmental health and productivity. Balances economic viability with ecological preservation for future generations.

Large-scale monoculture for export crops. Typically found in tropical regions producing cash crops like coffee or sugar.

A farming method involving moving fields periodically. Allows soil to recover while farmers move to new plots.

High labor input for maximum yield on small land. Common in densely populated areas like East Asia.

Herding livestock seasonally over large areas. Practiced in arid regions where permanent settlement is difficult.

Integration of various steps of food production. Includes farming, processing, distribution, and retail operations.

Cultivation of a single crop in a given area. Increases efficiency but reduces genetic diversity and increases pest risk.

Use of natural inputs and no synthetic chemicals. Relies on crop rotation, composting, and biological pest control.

High-yield varieties of rice and wheat. Increased food production but required fertilizers and pesticides.

Alternating crops to maintain soil fertility. Prevents soil depletion and breaks pest cycles naturally.

Growing multiple crops in proximity. Maximizes land use and can provide natural pest control.

To clear land and enrich soil with ash. Traditional method used in tropical forests for temporary cultivation.

Growing plants without soil, using nutrient solutions. Allows precise control of nutrients and growing conditions.

Raising aquatic organisms for food. Includes fish, shellfish, and aquatic plants in controlled environments.

Seasonal movement of livestock between grazing areas. Pastoral nomads move herds seasonally for better grazing.

Growing crops in stacked layers or vertically inclined surfaces. Maximizes production in limited urban space using technology.

Economy based primarily on animal husbandry. Mobile lifestyle following seasonal grazing patterns for livestock.

Cultivating multiple crops in the same space. Promotes biodiversity and natural ecosystem balance.

Reduces risk and increases resilience to pests and diseases. Multiple crops provide insurance against crop failure.

Integrating trees and shrubs into crop and livestock systems. Creates beneficial interactions between trees and agricultural systems.

A system where consumers subscribe to receive seasonal produce directly from farmers. Provides direct farmer-to-consumer relationship and shared risk.

Design system for sustainable agriculture modeled on natural ecosystems. Emphasizes permanent, self-sustaining agricultural systems.

Growing food within city or urban areas. Includes rooftop gardens, vertical farms, and community gardens.

Reduce soil erosion and water loss. Minimizes soil disturbance while maintaining crop residue cover.

Preserves soil structure and reduces erosion. Maintains soil moisture and organic matter while reducing costs.

Land suitable for growing crops. Distinguished from pasture land which is used for grazing.

Farming relying on rainfall rather than irrigation. Practiced in regions with limited water resources.

The preparation of land for growing crops. Includes plowing, harrowing, and other soil preparation methods.