The Second Agricultural Revolution Practice Test

Secondary source excerpt (18th–19th c.): Intensified farming increased output but also altered rural environments. More land was brought under cultivation, hedgerows and drainage reshaped habitats, and heavier manure use and livestock concentrations changed local nutrient cycles. The excerpt argues that productivity gains carried environmental trade-offs. Which choice best captures the environmental impacts described?

Secondary source excerpt (18th–19th c.): The Second Agricultural Revolution featured innovations such as the seed drill, improved plows, and systematic crop rotation. These changes reduced labor per unit of output and increased yields, enabling fewer farmers to feed more people. As rural productivity rose, population growth and changing diets expanded demand for manufactured goods. Which option best identifies the excerpt’s main point about agricultural innovations?