Gravitational Force - AP Physics C: Mechanics

$g = \frac{F}{m}$, where $F$ is force and $m$ is mass. Force per unit mass at a point in the field.

Force quadruples. Force is proportional to both masses, so $2 \times 2 = 4$.

Mutual attraction between masses. Each mass experiences equal and opposite gravitational force.

$6.674 \times 10^{-11} \text{ N m}^2/\text{kg}^2$. Fundamental constant in Newton's gravitational law.

Force directly with mass, inversely with distance squared. Summarizes the two key variables in gravitational force.

Force is reduced to $\frac{1}{4}$ of original. Force varies as $\frac{1}{r^2}$, so doubling $r$ gives $\frac{1}{4}$ force.

Force acts on masses; field is a region. Force is interaction; field describes space around mass.

Vector. Has both magnitude and direction toward mass center.

$1.0026 \times 10^{-10} \text{ N}$. Using $F = G\frac{m_1 m_2}{r^2} = G\frac{(2)(3)}{4}$.

Mass of the bodies. Mass creates gravitational field that attracts other masses.

Provides restoring force for motion. Gravity creates torque that drives pendulum oscillations.

Force quadruples. Force is proportional to both masses, so $2 \times 2 = 4$.

Mutual attraction between masses. Each mass experiences equal and opposite gravitational force.

Force increases by a factor of 4. Force varies as $\frac{1}{r^2}$, so halving $r$ gives $4$ times force.

$6.674 \times 10^{-11} \text{ N}$. Using $F = G\frac{m_1 m_2}{r^2}$ with given values.

$F = G \frac{m_1 m_2}{r^2}$. Universal formula relating force to masses and distance squared.

Weight is gravitational force on a mass. Weight equals mass times gravitational field strength.

$g = G \frac{M}{R^2}$, where $M$ is Earth's mass, $R$ is radius. Relates surface gravity to Earth's mass and radius.

Yes, it acts in a vacuum. Gravitational force requires no medium to propagate.

Force inversely proportional to square of distance. Fundamental relationship describing how gravity weakens with distance.

Force is halved. Force is directly proportional to each mass.

It is an attractive force. Gravity always pulls masses toward each other.

Along the line joining the two masses. Force vector points along the line connecting mass centers.

Force is reduced to $\frac{1}{4}$ of original. Force varies as $\frac{1}{r^2}$, so doubling $r$ gives $\frac{1}{4}$ force.

Provides centripetal force for orbit. Gravity supplies inward force needed for circular motion.

Mass and distance from the mass. Field strength follows inverse square law with distance.

$3.7044 \times 10^{-10} \text{ N}$. Using $F = G\frac{m_1 m_2}{r^2} = G\frac{(5)(10)}{9}$.

Vector. Has both magnitude and direction toward mass center.

Force acts on masses; field is a region. Force is interaction; field describes space around mass.