Change in Momentum and Impulse - AP Physics C: Mechanics
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What does the area under a force-time graph represent?
What does the area under a force-time graph represent?
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Impulse. Force-time graph area represents total impulse.
Impulse. Force-time graph area represents total impulse.
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State the principle of conservation of momentum.
State the principle of conservation of momentum.
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Total momentum before collision = Total momentum after collision. Momentum is conserved in isolated systems.
Total momentum before collision = Total momentum after collision. Momentum is conserved in isolated systems.
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What is the SI unit for momentum?
What is the SI unit for momentum?
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Kilogram meter per second (kg·m/s). Momentum units combine mass (kg) and velocity (m/s).
Kilogram meter per second (kg·m/s). Momentum units combine mass (kg) and velocity (m/s).
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Define impulse in terms of force and time.
Define impulse in terms of force and time.
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$J = F \times \triangle t$. Impulse is force multiplied by time interval.
$J = F \times \triangle t$. Impulse is force multiplied by time interval.
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What is the formula for linear momentum?
What is the formula for linear momentum?
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$p = mv$. Product of mass and velocity defines linear momentum.
$p = mv$. Product of mass and velocity defines linear momentum.
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What is the SI unit for momentum?
What is the SI unit for momentum?
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Kilogram meter per second (kg·m/s). Momentum units combine mass (kg) and velocity (m/s).
Kilogram meter per second (kg·m/s). Momentum units combine mass (kg) and velocity (m/s).
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What is the impulse-momentum theorem?
What is the impulse-momentum theorem?
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Impulse on an object equals its change in momentum. Connects impulse directly to momentum change.
Impulse on an object equals its change in momentum. Connects impulse directly to momentum change.
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Identify the change in velocity if $F = 10 , N$, $\triangle t = 2 , s$, $m = 2 , kg$.
Identify the change in velocity if $F = 10 , N$, $\triangle t = 2 , s$, $m = 2 , kg$.
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$\triangle v = 10 , m/s$. Using $\triangle v = \frac{F \triangle t}{m} = \frac{10 \times 2}{2}$.
$\triangle v = 10 , m/s$. Using $\triangle v = \frac{F \triangle t}{m} = \frac{10 \times 2}{2}$.
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What is the formula for average force in terms of impulse?
What is the formula for average force in terms of impulse?
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$F_{avg} = \frac{J}{\triangle t}$. Average force equals impulse divided by time.
$F_{avg} = \frac{J}{\triangle t}$. Average force equals impulse divided by time.
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What is the relationship between momentum and kinetic energy?
What is the relationship between momentum and kinetic energy?
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Momentum depends on velocity, kinetic energy depends on velocity squared. Different velocity dependencies distinguish the quantities.
Momentum depends on velocity, kinetic energy depends on velocity squared. Different velocity dependencies distinguish the quantities.
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What is the significance of zero net external impulse?
What is the significance of zero net external impulse?
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Momentum is conserved. Zero net impulse means no momentum change.
Momentum is conserved. Zero net impulse means no momentum change.
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What changes when an object experiences impulse?
What changes when an object experiences impulse?
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Its momentum changes. Impulse directly changes object's momentum.
Its momentum changes. Impulse directly changes object's momentum.
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Determine the velocity change for $J = 16 , N \cdot s$, $m = 4 , kg$.
Determine the velocity change for $J = 16 , N \cdot s$, $m = 4 , kg$.
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$\triangle v = 4 , m/s$. Using $\triangle v = \frac{J}{m} = \frac{16}{4}$.
$\triangle v = 4 , m/s$. Using $\triangle v = \frac{J}{m} = \frac{16}{4}$.
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What is the result of an impulse acting on a stationary object?
What is the result of an impulse acting on a stationary object?
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The object gains momentum. Impulse gives initially stationary object momentum.
The object gains momentum. Impulse gives initially stationary object momentum.
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Calculate change in momentum if $F = 12 , N$, $\triangle t = 3 , s$.
Calculate change in momentum if $F = 12 , N$, $\triangle t = 3 , s$.
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$\triangle p = 36 , kg \cdot m/s$. Using impulse-momentum theorem $\triangle p = J$.
$\triangle p = 36 , kg \cdot m/s$. Using impulse-momentum theorem $\triangle p = J$.
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What is the formula for change in momentum?
What is the formula for change in momentum?
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$\triangle p = m \triangle v$. Change in momentum equals mass times velocity change.
$\triangle p = m \triangle v$. Change in momentum equals mass times velocity change.
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What is the relationship between momentum and kinetic energy?
What is the relationship between momentum and kinetic energy?
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Momentum depends on velocity, kinetic energy depends on velocity squared. Different velocity dependencies distinguish the quantities.
Momentum depends on velocity, kinetic energy depends on velocity squared. Different velocity dependencies distinguish the quantities.
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Determine the final velocity if $m = 4 , kg$, $u = 3 , m/s$, $J = 20 , N \cdot s$.
Determine the final velocity if $m = 4 , kg$, $u = 3 , m/s$, $J = 20 , N \cdot s$.
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$v = 8 , m/s$. Using $v = u + \frac{J}{m} = 3 + \frac{20}{4}$.
$v = 8 , m/s$. Using $v = u + \frac{J}{m} = 3 + \frac{20}{4}$.
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What property of momentum makes it a vector quantity?
What property of momentum makes it a vector quantity?
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Direction along with magnitude. Vectors have both magnitude and direction.
Direction along with magnitude. Vectors have both magnitude and direction.
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Identify the change in velocity if $F = 10 , N$, $\triangle t = 2 , s$, $m = 2 , kg$.
Identify the change in velocity if $F = 10 , N$, $\triangle t = 2 , s$, $m = 2 , kg$.
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$\triangle v = 10 , m/s$. Using $\triangle v = \frac{F \triangle t}{m} = \frac{10 \times 2}{2}$.
$\triangle v = 10 , m/s$. Using $\triangle v = \frac{F \triangle t}{m} = \frac{10 \times 2}{2}$.
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Find the impulse given force graph is a rectangle with $F = 6 , N$, $t = 5 , s$.
Find the impulse given force graph is a rectangle with $F = 6 , N$, $t = 5 , s$.
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$J = 30 , N \cdot s$. Rectangle area equals base times height.
$J = 30 , N \cdot s$. Rectangle area equals base times height.
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What is the significance of zero net external impulse?
What is the significance of zero net external impulse?
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Momentum is conserved. Zero net impulse means no momentum change.
Momentum is conserved. Zero net impulse means no momentum change.
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Calculate momentum if $m = 3 , kg$, $v = 10 , m/s$.
Calculate momentum if $m = 3 , kg$, $v = 10 , m/s$.
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$p = 30 , kg \cdot m/s$. Direct calculation using $p = mv$.
$p = 30 , kg \cdot m/s$. Direct calculation using $p = mv$.
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Explain the relationship between impulse and momentum in collisions.
Explain the relationship between impulse and momentum in collisions.
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Impulse causes a change in momentum during collisions. Impulse transfers momentum between colliding objects.
Impulse causes a change in momentum during collisions. Impulse transfers momentum between colliding objects.
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Determine the average force if $J = 40 , N \cdot s$, $\triangle t = 4 , s$.
Determine the average force if $J = 40 , N \cdot s$, $\triangle t = 4 , s$.
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$F_{avg} = 10 , N$. Using $F_{avg} = \frac{J}{\triangle t} = \frac{40}{4}$.
$F_{avg} = 10 , N$. Using $F_{avg} = \frac{J}{\triangle t} = \frac{40}{4}$.
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Find $\triangle v$ if $J = 25 , N \cdot s$, $m = 5 , kg$.
Find $\triangle v$ if $J = 25 , N \cdot s$, $m = 5 , kg$.
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$\triangle v = 5 , m/s$. Using $\triangle v = \frac{J}{m} = \frac{25}{5}$.
$\triangle v = 5 , m/s$. Using $\triangle v = \frac{J}{m} = \frac{25}{5}$.
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What is the formula for average force in terms of impulse?
What is the formula for average force in terms of impulse?
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$F_{avg} = \frac{J}{\triangle t}$. Average force equals impulse divided by time.
$F_{avg} = \frac{J}{\triangle t}$. Average force equals impulse divided by time.
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Calculate impulse for $F = 5 , N$, $t = 3 , s$.
Calculate impulse for $F = 5 , N$, $t = 3 , s$.
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$J = 15 , N \cdot s$. Direct application of $J = F \triangle t$.
$J = 15 , N \cdot s$. Direct application of $J = F \triangle t$.
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What does it mean if two objects have equal momentum?
What does it mean if two objects have equal momentum?
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Product $mv$ is equal for both objects. Same $mv$ product indicates equal momentum.
Product $mv$ is equal for both objects. Same $mv$ product indicates equal momentum.
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State the formula relating impulse and velocity change.
State the formula relating impulse and velocity change.
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$J = m \triangle v$. Alternative form using $J = \triangle p$.
$J = m \triangle v$. Alternative form using $J = \triangle p$.
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