Momentum - AP Physics C: Mechanics
Card 1 of 30
State the impulse-momentum theorem.
State the impulse-momentum theorem.
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$J = \triangle p$. Impulse $J$ equals change in momentum $\triangle p$.
$J = \triangle p$. Impulse $J$ equals change in momentum $\triangle p$.
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What is the effect of a net external force on a system's momentum?
What is the effect of a net external force on a system's momentum?
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Causes momentum to change. Newton's second law in momentum form.
Causes momentum to change. Newton's second law in momentum form.
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Calculate the momentum of a 5 kg object moving at 3 m/s.
Calculate the momentum of a 5 kg object moving at 3 m/s.
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$p = 15 \text{ kg·m/s}$. Using $p = mv$: $p = 5 \times 3 = 15 \text{ kg·m/s}$
$p = 15 \text{ kg·m/s}$. Using $p = mv$: $p = 5 \times 3 = 15 \text{ kg·m/s}$
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What happens to the total momentum in a two-object system during collision?
What happens to the total momentum in a two-object system during collision?
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It remains constant. Conservation of momentum applies during all collisions.
It remains constant. Conservation of momentum applies during all collisions.
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Calculate impulse given a force of 10 N applied for 2 s.
Calculate impulse given a force of 10 N applied for 2 s.
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$J = 20 \text{ Ns}$. Using $J = F\triangle t$: $J = 10 \times 2 = 20$ Ns.
$J = 20 \text{ Ns}$. Using $J = F\triangle t$: $J = 10 \times 2 = 20$ Ns.
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Find the impulse given to a 4 kg object slowing from 8 m/s to 2 m/s.
Find the impulse given to a 4 kg object slowing from 8 m/s to 2 m/s.
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$J = -24 \text{ Ns}$. $J = m(v_f - v_i) = 4(2-8) = -24$ Ns.
$J = -24 \text{ Ns}$. $J = m(v_f - v_i) = 4(2-8) = -24$ Ns.
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State the unit of momentum in the SI system.
State the unit of momentum in the SI system.
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kg·m/s. Mass in kg times velocity in m/s gives kg·m/s.
kg·m/s. Mass in kg times velocity in m/s gives kg·m/s.
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Calculate the change in momentum of a 2 kg object from 3 m/s to 5 m/s.
Calculate the change in momentum of a 2 kg object from 3 m/s to 5 m/s.
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$\triangle p = 4 \text{ kg·m/s}$. $\triangle p = m(v_f - v_i) = 2(5-3) = 4$ kg·m/s.
$\triangle p = 4 \text{ kg·m/s}$. $\triangle p = m(v_f - v_i) = 2(5-3) = 4$ kg·m/s.
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What is the momentum change for a 3 kg object accelerating from 0 to 4 m/s?
What is the momentum change for a 3 kg object accelerating from 0 to 4 m/s?
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$\triangle p = 12 \text{ kg·m/s}$. $\triangle p = m(v_f - v_i) = 3(4-0) = 12$ kg·m/s.
$\triangle p = 12 \text{ kg·m/s}$. $\triangle p = m(v_f - v_i) = 3(4-0) = 12$ kg·m/s.
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What happens to the total momentum in a two-object system during collision?
What happens to the total momentum in a two-object system during collision?
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It remains constant. Conservation of momentum applies during all collisions.
It remains constant. Conservation of momentum applies during all collisions.
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Find the velocity of a 3 kg object with 15 kg·m/s momentum.
Find the velocity of a 3 kg object with 15 kg·m/s momentum.
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$v = 5 \text{ m/s}$. From $p = mv$: $v = \frac{p}{m} = \frac{15}{3} = 5 \text{ m/s}$
$v = 5 \text{ m/s}$. From $p = mv$: $v = \frac{p}{m} = \frac{15}{3} = 5 \text{ m/s}$
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What is the symbol for momentum?
What is the symbol for momentum?
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$p$. Standard physics symbol for momentum is $p$.
$p$. Standard physics symbol for momentum is $p$.
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Calculate the impulse if a 10 N force is applied for 3 s.
Calculate the impulse if a 10 N force is applied for 3 s.
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$J = 30 \text{ Ns}$. $J = F\triangle t = 10 \times 3 = 30$ Ns.
$J = 30 \text{ Ns}$. $J = F\triangle t = 10 \times 3 = 30$ Ns.
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Calculate the final momentum of a 4 kg object initially moving at 5 m/s, with a 2 m/s increase.
Calculate the final momentum of a 4 kg object initially moving at 5 m/s, with a 2 m/s increase.
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$p = 28 \text{ kg·m/s}$. $p_f = m(v_i + \triangle v) = 4(5+2) = 28$ kg·m/s.
$p = 28 \text{ kg·m/s}$. $p_f = m(v_i + \triangle v) = 4(5+2) = 28$ kg·m/s.
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What is the effect of external forces on momentum conservation?
What is the effect of external forces on momentum conservation?
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Momentum is not conserved. External forces violate the conservation condition.
Momentum is not conserved. External forces violate the conservation condition.
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What does an impulse of zero imply about momentum change?
What does an impulse of zero imply about momentum change?
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No change in momentum. Zero impulse means zero change in momentum.
No change in momentum. Zero impulse means zero change in momentum.
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In what type of collision is only momentum conserved?
In what type of collision is only momentum conserved?
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Inelastic collision. Kinetic energy is not conserved in inelastic collisions.
Inelastic collision. Kinetic energy is not conserved in inelastic collisions.
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What is the impulse experienced by a stationary object that remains at rest?
What is the impulse experienced by a stationary object that remains at rest?
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Zero impulse. No force means no impulse on stationary object.
Zero impulse. No force means no impulse on stationary object.
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Calculate the final momentum of a 4 kg object initially moving at 5 m/s, with a 2 m/s increase.
Calculate the final momentum of a 4 kg object initially moving at 5 m/s, with a 2 m/s increase.
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$p = 28 \text{ kg·m/s}$. $p_f = m(v_i + \triangle v) = 4(5+2) = 28$ kg·m/s.
$p = 28 \text{ kg·m/s}$. $p_f = m(v_i + \triangle v) = 4(5+2) = 28$ kg·m/s.
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Identify the momentum of an object with mass 0 kg.
Identify the momentum of an object with mass 0 kg.
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$p = 0 \text{ kg·m/s}$. Zero mass means zero momentum regardless of velocity.
$p = 0 \text{ kg·m/s}$. Zero mass means zero momentum regardless of velocity.
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Find the velocity of a 3 kg object with 15 kg·m/s momentum.
Find the velocity of a 3 kg object with 15 kg·m/s momentum.
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$v = 5 \text{ m/s}$. From $p = mv$: $v = \frac{p}{m} = \frac{15}{3} = 5$ m/s.
$v = 5 \text{ m/s}$. From $p = mv$: $v = \frac{p}{m} = \frac{15}{3} = 5$ m/s.
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What does an impulse of zero imply about momentum change?
What does an impulse of zero imply about momentum change?
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No change in momentum. Zero impulse means zero change in momentum.
No change in momentum. Zero impulse means zero change in momentum.
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Calculate the change in momentum for a 5 kg object accelerating from 2 m/s to 4 m/s.
Calculate the change in momentum for a 5 kg object accelerating from 2 m/s to 4 m/s.
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$\triangle p = 10 \text{ kg·m/s}$. $\triangle p = m(v_f - v_i) = 5(4-2) = 10$ kg·m/s.
$\triangle p = 10 \text{ kg·m/s}$. $\triangle p = m(v_f - v_i) = 5(4-2) = 10$ kg·m/s.
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Identify the relationship between force and momentum.
Identify the relationship between force and momentum.
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Force is the rate of change of momentum. Newton's second law: $F = \frac{dp}{dt}$.
Force is the rate of change of momentum. Newton's second law: $F = \frac{dp}{dt}$.
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What is the effect of a net external force on a system's momentum?
What is the effect of a net external force on a system's momentum?
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Causes momentum to change. Newton's second law in momentum form.
Causes momentum to change. Newton's second law in momentum form.
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Determine the momentum of a 10 kg object at rest.
Determine the momentum of a 10 kg object at rest.
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$p = 0 \text{ kg·m/s}$. Velocity is zero, so $p = mv = 10 \times 0 = 0$.
$p = 0 \text{ kg·m/s}$. Velocity is zero, so $p = mv = 10 \times 0 = 0$.
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What is conserved in an elastic collision?
What is conserved in an elastic collision?
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Momentum and kinetic energy. Elastic collisions conserve both quantities.
Momentum and kinetic energy. Elastic collisions conserve both quantities.
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Describe momentum in terms of mass and velocity.
Describe momentum in terms of mass and velocity.
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Momentum is product of mass and velocity. Definition of momentum from Newton's laws.
Momentum is product of mass and velocity. Definition of momentum from Newton's laws.
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What is the symbol for momentum?
What is the symbol for momentum?
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$p$. Standard physics symbol for momentum is $p$.
$p$. Standard physics symbol for momentum is $p$.
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How does external force affect momentum?
How does external force affect momentum?
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It changes momentum. Force causes a change in momentum over time.
It changes momentum. Force causes a change in momentum over time.
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