AP European History Lessons & Study Guide

## What Was the Renaissance? The Renaissance was a vibrant period in European history, spanning roughly from the 14th to the 17th century. It marked a dramatic cultural "rebirth" following the Middle Ages. Artists, thinkers, and scientists rediscovered the classics of Ancient Greece and Rome, inspiring new ways of thinking and creating. ## Humanism: A New Focus on Humanity At the heart of the Renaissance was Humanism—a movement that emphasized the value and agency of human beings, individually and collectively. Humanists believed in the potential for people to achieve excellence and sought to study subjects like literature, history, and philosophy (the "humanities"). ## Impact on Art, Science, and Society Renaissance artists like Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo revolutionized painting and sculpture by focusing on realism, perspective, and the beauty of the human form. Thinkers such as Erasmus and Petrarch questioned traditional beliefs and encouraged critical inquiry, paving the way for modern science and education. ## Why It Matters The Renaissance laid the groundwork for many modern values, such as individualism and secularism. By challenging the status quo and celebrating human achievement, it set Europe on a new path of exploration and discovery. ### Key Points - Rediscovery of classical knowledge - Emphasis on human potential - Flourishing of arts and sciences