AP European History

Advanced Placement European History studying European civilization from 1450 to present.
Basic Concepts

The Renaissance and Humanism

What Was the Renaissance?

The Renaissance was a vibrant period in European history, spanning roughly from the 14th to the 17th century. It marked a dramatic cultural "rebirth" following the Middle Ages. Artists, thinkers, and scientists rediscovered the classics of Ancient Greece and Rome, inspiring new ways of thinking and creating.

Humanism: A New Focus on Humanity

At the heart of the Renaissance was Humanism—a movement that emphasized the value and agency of human beings, individually and collectively. Humanists believed in the potential for people to achieve excellence and sought to study subjects like literature, history, and philosophy (the "humanities").

Impact on Art, Science, and Society

Renaissance artists like Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo revolutionized painting and sculpture by focusing on realism, perspective, and the beauty of the human form. Thinkers such as Erasmus and Petrarch questioned traditional beliefs and encouraged critical inquiry, paving the way for modern science and education.

Why It Matters

The Renaissance laid the groundwork for many modern values, such as individualism and secularism. By challenging the status quo and celebrating human achievement, it set Europe on a new path of exploration and discovery.

Key Points

  • Rediscovery of classical knowledge
  • Emphasis on human potential
  • Flourishing of arts and sciences

Examples

  • Leonardo da Vinci's 'Mona Lisa' uses realistic perspective and anatomy.

  • Erasmus wrote essays promoting education and tolerance.

In a Nutshell

The Renaissance was a cultural rebirth that celebrated human potential and transformed art, science, and society.

Key Terms

Humanism
A Renaissance movement that emphasized the study of classical texts and the value of human achievements.
Secularism
A focus on worldly rather than religious matters.
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