All flashcards
Flashcard 1: Identify where energy ends: a bell rings after being struck by a hammer.
Answer: Ends as sound energy in the surrounding air. Kinetic energy from hammer converts to sound waves.
Flashcard 2: Identify the start and end energy: A ball is dropped from a shelf and hits the floor.
Answer: Start: gravitational potential; End: sound and thermal. Falling converts height energy to impact sound and heat.
Flashcard 3: Identify the start and end energy: A person eats food and then runs.
Answer: Start: chemical; End: kinetic (and thermal). Food's chemical energy converts to motion energy; some becomes body heat.
Flashcard 4: Identify the start and end energy: A lamp plugged into a wall outlet shines.
Answer: Start: electrical; End: light (and thermal). Wall outlet electricity powers bulb's light emission; some becomes heat.
Flashcard 5: Identify the start and end energy: A stretched rubber band is released and shoots forward.
Answer: Start: elastic potential; End: kinetic. Stored stretch energy converts directly to motion when released.
Flashcard 6: Identify the start and end energy: A speaker plays music from a phone battery.
Answer: Start: chemical; End: sound (and thermal). Battery's chemical energy powers speaker vibrations; some becomes heat.
Flashcard 7: What is the name of the energy transferred by vibrating matter that you can hear?
Answer: Sound energy. Vibrations traveling through matter carry energy we perceive as sound.
Flashcard 8: What is the name of the energy stored in food that can be transferred to a person or animal?
Answer: Chemical energy. Food stores energy in chemical bonds that organisms break down for use.
Flashcard 9: What is the name of the energy stored in a battery before it powers a device?
Answer: Chemical energy. Batteries store energy in chemical form until converted to electricity.
Flashcard 10: What is the name of the energy of moving objects, such as a rolling ball or spinning fan?
Answer: Kinetic energy. Motion itself is a form of energy that can be transferred between objects.
Flashcard 11: What is the name of the energy stored in a stretched rubber band or compressed spring?
Answer: Elastic potential energy. Stretched or compressed elastic materials store energy that releases when let go.
Flashcard 12: What is the name of the energy stored due to an object being high above the ground?
Answer: Gravitational potential energy. Objects gain stored energy when lifted against gravity's pull.
Flashcard 13: What is the name of the energy carried by light from the Sun or a lamp?
Answer: Light (radiant) energy. Light carries energy that travels through space as electromagnetic waves.
Flashcard 14: What is the name of the energy that is transferred as heat, often warming materials?
Answer: Thermal energy. Heat is energy that flows from warmer to cooler objects.
Flashcard 15: What is the name of the energy in moving electric charges in a circuit?
Answer: Electrical energy. Moving charges in wires carry energy that powers devices.
Flashcard 16: Which energy form is most often the final energy output when devices run, even if it is not useful?
Answer: Thermal energy. Most energy conversions produce waste heat due to inefficiency.
Flashcard 17: Identify the start and end energy: A flashlight uses a battery to produce light.
Answer: Start: chemical; End: light (and thermal). Battery's chemical energy converts to light; some becomes waste heat.
Flashcard 18: Identify the start and end energy: Sunlight warms a rock on a sunny day.
Answer: Start: light; End: thermal. Light energy absorbs into rock, increasing its temperature.
Flashcard 19: Identify the start and end energy: A hand-crank generator lights a small bulb when turned.
Answer: Start: kinetic; End: light (and thermal). Hand motion turns generator, converting movement to electricity then light.
Flashcard 20: Which option correctly traces energy from start to end for a battery-powered fan: A) chemical→kinetic B) kinetic→chemical C) light→sound?
Answer: A) chemical → kinetic. Battery's stored chemical energy converts to fan blade motion.
Flashcard 21: Identify the energy start and end: wind turns a windmill that generates electricity.
Answer: Start: kinetic; End: electrical. Moving air turns blades that spin generator to make electricity.
Flashcard 22: Which term names the energy at the beginning of a transfer chain: source or receiver?
Answer: Source. The starting point that provides energy in a transfer.
Flashcard 23: Identify the energy start and end: a ball held high is dropped and falls.
Answer: Start: potential; End: kinetic. Gravity converts height energy to motion energy as ball falls.
Flashcard 24: What is the name for energy stored in food and fuels, released when they are used?
Answer: Chemical energy. Energy in bonds of molecules, released during chemical reactions.
Flashcard 25: Which term names the object that gains energy at the end of a transfer: source or receiver?
Answer: Receiver. The endpoint that absorbs energy in a transfer.
Flashcard 26: Identify the energy start and end: you eat food and then run.
Answer: Start: chemical; End: kinetic (and thermal). Food molecules break down to power muscle movement; some heat lost.
Flashcard 27: Identify the energy start and end: sunlight warms a rock on the ground.
Answer: Start: light; End: thermal. Light waves absorbed by rock convert to heat energy.
Flashcard 28: Identify the energy start and end: a speaker plugged in plays music.
Answer: Start: electrical; End: sound. Electric current drives speaker vibrations that create sound waves.
Flashcard 29: Identify the energy start and end: a flashlight uses batteries to make light.
Answer: Start: chemical; End: light (and some thermal). Battery chemicals convert to light; some energy becomes heat.
Flashcard 30: Identify the energy start and end: a toaster plugged in heats bread.
Answer: Start: electrical; End: thermal. Electric current converts to heat through resistance.