Predict Collision Outcomes - 4th Grade Science
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What is force?
What is force?
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A force is a push or a pull on an object. Forces cause objects to accelerate or deform.
A force is a push or a pull on an object. Forces cause objects to accelerate or deform.
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What is speed?
What is speed?
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Speed is how fast an object moves. Measured in distance per unit time.
Speed is how fast an object moves. Measured in distance per unit time.
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What is motion in science?
What is motion in science?
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Motion is a change in position over time. Objects move when their location changes.
Motion is a change in position over time. Objects move when their location changes.
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What is a collision in science?
What is a collision in science?
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A collision is when two objects hit each other and push on each other. Objects exert forces on each other during contact.
A collision is when two objects hit each other and push on each other. Objects exert forces on each other during contact.
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Which effect is most likely in a collision with greater force: small dent or large dent?
Which effect is most likely in a collision with greater force: small dent or large dent?
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A large dent is more likely. Greater force causes more deformation.
A large dent is more likely. Greater force causes more deformation.
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Identify the outcome: A toy car hits a larger, heavier block. Which changes speed more?
Identify the outcome: A toy car hits a larger, heavier block. Which changes speed more?
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The toy car changes speed more. Lighter objects accelerate more from same force.
The toy car changes speed more. Lighter objects accelerate more from same force.
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Choose the outcome: A rolling ball hits a pillow. Will it stop sooner or travel farther?
Choose the outcome: A rolling ball hits a pillow. Will it stop sooner or travel farther?
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It will stop sooner. Soft surfaces absorb more kinetic energy.
It will stop sooner. Soft surfaces absorb more kinetic energy.
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Identify the likely result when two equal-mass carts collide head-on at equal speeds.
Identify the likely result when two equal-mass carts collide head-on at equal speeds.
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They stop or bounce back with equal speeds in opposite directions. Equal masses and speeds create symmetric outcomes.
They stop or bounce back with equal speeds in opposite directions. Equal masses and speeds create symmetric outcomes.
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Which material reduces injury in a collision by increasing stopping time: soft padding or bare concrete?
Which material reduces injury in a collision by increasing stopping time: soft padding or bare concrete?
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Soft padding reduces injury. Soft materials extend collision time.
Soft padding reduces injury. Soft materials extend collision time.
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Which surface causes a ball to bounce higher after a collision: hard floor or soft carpet?
Which surface causes a ball to bounce higher after a collision: hard floor or soft carpet?
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A hard floor causes a higher bounce. Hard surfaces absorb less energy.
A hard floor causes a higher bounce. Hard surfaces absorb less energy.
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Which collision is more likely to cause a bigger change in motion: faster or slower impact?
Which collision is more likely to cause a bigger change in motion: faster or slower impact?
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A faster impact usually causes a bigger change in motion. More speed means more energy transferred.
A faster impact usually causes a bigger change in motion. More speed means more energy transferred.
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Which object usually changes motion more in a collision: lighter or heavier?
Which object usually changes motion more in a collision: lighter or heavier?
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The lighter object usually changes motion more. Less mass means less resistance to change.
The lighter object usually changes motion more. Less mass means less resistance to change.
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What is friction?
What is friction?
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Friction is a force that opposes motion between touching surfaces. Rubbing surfaces resist sliding past each other.
Friction is a force that opposes motion between touching surfaces. Rubbing surfaces resist sliding past each other.
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What happens to motion if two objects collide and stick together?
What happens to motion if two objects collide and stick together?
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They move together as one object after the collision. Combined mass moves with shared momentum from before collision.
They move together as one object after the collision. Combined mass moves with shared momentum from before collision.
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Which surface leads to a longer slide after a collision: smooth floor or rough carpet?
Which surface leads to a longer slide after a collision: smooth floor or rough carpet?
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A smooth floor leads to a longer slide. Less friction means less resistance to motion after impact.
A smooth floor leads to a longer slide. Less friction means less resistance to motion after impact.
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What is the main effect of friction after a collision on a floor?
What is the main effect of friction after a collision on a floor?
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Friction slows objects down until they stop. Friction opposes motion by converting kinetic energy to heat.
Friction slows objects down until they stop. Friction opposes motion by converting kinetic energy to heat.
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Which option best predicts the outcome: a moving cart hits a lighter stationary cart head-on?
Which option best predicts the outcome: a moving cart hits a lighter stationary cart head-on?
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The lighter cart moves away faster, and the moving cart slows less. Lighter objects accelerate more from the same force during impact.
The lighter cart moves away faster, and the moving cart slows less. Lighter objects accelerate more from the same force during impact.
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What is the effect of an elastic collision on object shape?
What is the effect of an elastic collision on object shape?
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Objects bounce and mostly keep their original shape. Elastic materials store and release energy without permanent deformation.
Objects bounce and mostly keep their original shape. Elastic materials store and release energy without permanent deformation.
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Which option best predicts the outcome: a clay ball hits a wall and sticks?
Which option best predicts the outcome: a clay ball hits a wall and sticks?
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It stops moving after the collision. Inelastic collision absorbs all kinetic energy into deformation.
It stops moving after the collision. Inelastic collision absorbs all kinetic energy into deformation.
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Which option best predicts the outcome: a rubber ball hits a wall and bounces back?
Which option best predicts the outcome: a rubber ball hits a wall and bounces back?
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Its direction reverses after the collision. Elastic collision with wall reverses velocity while maintaining speed.
Its direction reverses after the collision. Elastic collision with wall reverses velocity while maintaining speed.
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