All flashcards
Flashcard 1: What is force?
Answer: A force is a push or a pull on an object. Forces cause objects to accelerate or deform.
Flashcard 2: What is speed?
Answer: Speed is how fast an object moves. Measured in distance per unit time.
Flashcard 3: What is motion in science?
Answer: Motion is a change in position over time. Objects move when their location changes.
Flashcard 4: What is a collision in science?
Answer: A collision is when two objects hit each other and push on each other. Objects exert forces on each other during contact.
Flashcard 5: Which effect is most likely in a collision with greater force: small dent or large dent?
Answer: A large dent is more likely. Greater force causes more deformation.
Flashcard 6: Identify the outcome: A toy car hits a larger, heavier block. Which changes speed more?
Answer: The toy car changes speed more. Lighter objects accelerate more from same force.
Flashcard 7: Choose the outcome: A rolling ball hits a pillow. Will it stop sooner or travel farther?
Answer: It will stop sooner. Soft surfaces absorb more kinetic energy.
Flashcard 8: Identify the likely result when two equal-mass carts collide head-on at equal speeds.
Answer: They stop or bounce back with equal speeds in opposite directions. Equal masses and speeds create symmetric outcomes.
Flashcard 9: Which material reduces injury in a collision by increasing stopping time: soft padding or bare concrete?
Answer: Soft padding reduces injury. Soft materials extend collision time.
Flashcard 10: Which surface causes a ball to bounce higher after a collision: hard floor or soft carpet?
Answer: A hard floor causes a higher bounce. Hard surfaces absorb less energy.
Flashcard 11: Which collision is more likely to cause a bigger change in motion: faster or slower impact?
Answer: A faster impact usually causes a bigger change in motion. More speed means more energy transferred.
Flashcard 12: Which object usually changes motion more in a collision: lighter or heavier?
Answer: The lighter object usually changes motion more. Less mass means less resistance to change.
Flashcard 13: What is friction?
Answer: Friction is a force that opposes motion between touching surfaces. Rubbing surfaces resist sliding past each other.
Flashcard 14: What happens to motion if two objects collide and stick together?
Answer: They move together as one object after the collision. Combined mass moves with shared momentum from before collision.
Flashcard 15: Which surface leads to a longer slide after a collision: smooth floor or rough carpet?
Answer: A smooth floor leads to a longer slide. Less friction means less resistance to motion after impact.
Flashcard 16: What is the main effect of friction after a collision on a floor?
Answer: Friction slows objects down until they stop. Friction opposes motion by converting kinetic energy to heat.
Flashcard 17: Which option best predicts the outcome: a moving cart hits a lighter stationary cart head-on?
Answer: The lighter cart moves away faster, and the moving cart slows less. Lighter objects accelerate more from the same force during impact.
Flashcard 18: What is the effect of an elastic collision on object shape?
Answer: Objects bounce and mostly keep their original shape. Elastic materials store and release energy without permanent deformation.
Flashcard 19: Which option best predicts the outcome: a clay ball hits a wall and sticks?
Answer: It stops moving after the collision. Inelastic collision absorbs all kinetic energy into deformation.
Flashcard 20: Which option best predicts the outcome: a rubber ball hits a wall and bounces back?
Answer: Its direction reverses after the collision. Elastic collision with wall reverses velocity while maintaining speed.
Flashcard 21: What is the effect of an inelastic collision on object shape?
Answer: Objects deform or stick together, losing some motion energy. Energy converts to deformation instead of maintaining motion.
Flashcard 22: What is motion?
Answer: Motion is a change in an object's position over time. Objects move when their location changes relative to a reference point.
Flashcard 23: Which option best predicts the outcome: a moving cart hits a heavier stationary cart head-on?
Answer: The moving cart slows more, and the heavier cart moves less. Heavier objects resist motion change more due to greater inertia.
Flashcard 24: What is a glancing collision?
Answer: A collision where objects hit at an angle and change direction. Non-perpendicular impact causes objects to deflect sideways.
Flashcard 25: What happens to an object's motion if an unbalanced force acts during a collision?
Answer: Its motion changes (it speeds up, slows down, or turns). Unequal forces cause acceleration in the stronger force's direction.
Flashcard 26: Which collision usually causes a bigger motion change: hitting a wall or hitting a pillow?
Answer: Hitting a wall usually causes a bigger motion change. Hard surfaces don't absorb energy, creating stronger forces.
Flashcard 27: What is the safest prediction for a collision with a soft object (like foam) versus a hard object?
Answer: A soft object reduces the suddenness of the stop and the force felt. Cushioning spreads impact time, reducing peak forces.
Flashcard 28: Which surface leads to a longer slide after a collision: smooth floor or rough carpet?
Answer: A smooth floor leads to a longer slide. Less friction means objects maintain speed longer.
Flashcard 29: What happens when a moving object hits a stationary object and they stick together?
Answer: They move together in the original direction at a slower speed. Combined mass moves slower to conserve total momentum.
Flashcard 30: Which term means an object changes direction after a collision: bounce or stick?
Answer: Bounce. Elastic objects reverse direction when they hit surfaces.