Convert everything to decimals: $$0.125 = \frac{1}{8}$$, so the numerator is $$0.125 + 0.125 = 0.25$$. For the denominator: $$62.5% = 0.625$$ and $$0.5 = 0.5$$, so $$0.625 - 0.5 = 0.125$$. Therefore, $$\frac{0.25}{0.125} = 2$$. Choice A ($$\frac{8}{5} = 1.6$$) might result from calculation errors, choice C ($$\frac{5}{2} = 2.5$$) could come from mishandling the denominator subtraction, and choice D (20) might result from inverting the fraction incorrectly.

First find the number: $$\frac{5}{8} \cdot n = 125% \cdot 0.4 = 1.25 \cdot 0.4 = 0.5$$. So $$n = 0.5 \cdot \frac{8}{5} = 0.8$$. Now find what percent $$\frac{2}{5}$$ is of this number: $$\frac{\frac{2}{5}}{0.8} = \frac{0.4}{0.8} = 0.5 = 50%$$. Choice B (62.5%) equals $$\frac{5}{8}$$, choice C (40%) equals $$\frac{2}{5}$$ itself, and choice D (80%) is the number we found expressed as a percentage.

$$\frac{7}{12} = 0.58\overline{3} = 0.583333...$$ Converting to percentage: $$0.583333... \times 100% = 58.3333...%$$ Rounding to the nearest tenth of a percent means rounding to one decimal place: $$58.3333...% \approx 58.3%$$. Choice B shows two decimal places (not rounded to nearest tenth), choice C would require the third decimal digit to be 5 or higher (but it's 3), and choice D rounds to the nearest whole percent rather than tenth of a percent.

First verify the percentages add to 100%: Coffee = $$0.375 = 37.5%$$, Tea = $$\frac{2}{5} = 40%$$, Other = $$22.5%$$. Total: $$37.5% + 40% + 22.5% = 100%$$ ✓. Coffee and tea drinkers combined represent $$37.5% + 40% = 77.5%$$ of all respondents. Among just coffee and tea drinkers, the fraction who preferred coffee is: $$\frac{37.5%}{77.5%} = \frac{0.375}{0.775} = \frac{375}{775} = \frac{15}{31}$$. Choice B ($$\frac{3}{8}$$) is the original coffee fraction, choice C ($$\frac{24}{31}$$) would be the tea fraction among coffee and tea drinkers, and choice D ($$\frac{31}{40}$$) represents the combined coffee and tea fraction of all respondents.