Unit Conversions
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PSAT Math › Unit Conversions
A recipe needs 3.5 quarts of soup, but the pot is marked in cups. Using $1\text{ qt}=2\text{ pt}$ and $1\text{ pt}=2\text{ cups}$, how many cups of soup are needed?
28 cups
14 cups
7 cups
3.5 cups
Explanation
The question asks to convert 3.5 quarts of soup to cups, using 1 quart = 2 pints and 1 pint = 2 cups. Set up the conversion by multiplying 3.5 qt by 2 pt/qt and then by 2 cups/pt to reach the desired unit. In dimensional analysis: 3.5 qt × (2 pt / 1 qt) × (2 cups / 1 pt) shows quarts and pints canceling, leaving cups. Compute 3.5 × 2 = 7, then 7 × 2 = 14 cups, or directly 3.5 × 4 = 14 cups, with units tracking throughout. A frequent error is using only one conversion factor, like just quarts to pints, resulting in 7 cups as in A. Another mistake might be reversing the factors, leading to fractions like D. As a strategy, list all steps with units to catch if intermediate conversions are missed.
A hiker walks 3.6 kilometers. How many meters is that? Use $1\text{ km}=1000\text{ m}$.
36,000 m
3,600 m
0.0036 m
360 m
Explanation
The question asks to convert 3.6 kilometers to meters, using 1 kilometer = 1000 meters. Set up the conversion by multiplying 3.6 km by 1000 m/km. Dimensional analysis: 3.6 km × (1000 m / 1 km) cancels kilometers, leaving meters. The calculation: 3.6 × 1000 = 3,600 m, tracking units. Errors often involve decimal placement, like forgetting to move it for A or adding zeros for C. Dividing instead gives D. Strategy: Recall 'kilo' means 1,000, so shift decimal three places right.
A video is 2 hours 18 minutes long. How many seconds is this? (Students may assume $60\text{ s}=1\text{ min}$ and $60\text{ min}=1\text{ hr}$.)
2,280 s
8,280 s
7,920 s
13,800 s
Explanation
We need to convert 2 hours 18 minutes to seconds. First, convert everything to minutes: 2 hr × 60 min/hr = 120 min, plus 18 min = 138 min total. Then convert minutes to seconds: 138 min × 60 s/min = 8,280 s. Alternatively, convert hours to seconds (2 × 3600 = 7,200 s) and minutes to seconds (18 × 60 = 1,080 s), then add: 7,200 + 1,080 = 8,280 s. A common error is forgetting to convert one component or adding 2 + 18 = 20 before converting. Always convert mixed units systematically.
A lab protocol requires 2,750 milliliters of solution. How many liters is this? (Use $1000\text{ mL}=1\text{ L}$.)
0.275 L
2.75 L
27.5 L
2,750 L
Explanation
We need to convert 2,750 milliliters to liters. Using the conversion factor 1000 mL = 1 L, we divide: 2,750 mL ÷ 1000 = 2.75 L. Alternatively, set up as: 2,750 mL × (1 L/1000 mL) = 2.75 L. The milliliter units cancel, leaving liters. A common error is multiplying instead of dividing, which would give 2,750,000 L. Another error is misplacing the decimal point, giving 0.275 L or 27.5 L. Remember: when converting to a larger unit (mL to L), the numerical value decreases.
A runner completes a $10$ kilometer training run. How many meters is this? Use $1\text{ km}=1000\text{ m}$.
1,000 m
0.01 m
10,000 m
100,000 m
Explanation
We need to convert 10 kilometers to meters. Set up the conversion: 10 km × (1000 m/1 km) = 10,000 meters. The kilometer units cancel, leaving meters. This is a straightforward conversion where we multiply by 1000 since 'kilo' means thousand. A careless error would be dividing by 1000 to get 0.01 m. Remember that going from a larger unit (km) to a smaller unit (m) always results in a larger number.
A shipping box has a mass of $3.75$ kilograms. Convert this mass to grams. Use $1\text{ kg}=1000\text{ g}$.
0.00375 g
3,750 g
375 g
37,500 g
Explanation
We need to convert 3.75 kilograms to grams. Set up the conversion: 3.75 kg × (1000 g/1 kg). Multiply: 3.75 × 1000 = 3,750 grams. The kilogram units cancel, leaving grams. A common mistake is dividing by 1000 instead of multiplying, which would give 0.00375 g. Remember that 'kilo' means 1000, so 1 kilogram equals 1000 grams.
A bag of rice has a mass of 2.4 kilograms. What is its mass in grams? Use $1\text{ kg}=1000\text{ g}$.
240 g
24,000 g
2,400 g
0.0024 g
Explanation
The question asks to convert a mass of 2.4 kilograms to grams, using 1 kilogram = 1000 grams. Set up the conversion by multiplying 2.4 kg by 1000 g/kg to shift to the base unit. Using dimensional analysis: 2.4 kg × (1000 g / 1 kg) cancels kilograms, resulting in grams. Calculate 2.4 × 1000 = 2,400 g, with units properly tracked. A typical error is adding extra zeros, like multiplying by 10,000 for C, or dividing for D. Misreading the decimal might lead to A. As a strategy, remember metric prefixes: 'kilo' means thousand, so multiply by 1,000 to get grams.
A truck travels at $55$ miles per hour. Approximately how many feet does it travel in $30$ seconds? Use $1$ mi $= 5280$ ft and $1$ hr $= 3600$ s.
4,840 ft
24,200 ft
2,420 ft
805 ft
Explanation
The question asks approximately how many feet a truck at 55 mph travels in 30 seconds, using 1 mi = 5280 ft and 1 hr = 3600 s. Set up: 55 mi/hr × (5280 ft/1 mi) = 290,400 ft/hr, miles canceling; then 290,400 ft/hr × (1 hr/3600 s) ≈ 80.67 ft/s, hours canceling; finally × 30 s = 2,420 ft. This dimensional analysis tracks to feet. A common error is forgetting seconds conversion. Convert rates step-by-step.
A shipping crate has a mass of $7.2$ kilograms. How many grams is this? (Use $1000\text{ g}=1\text{ kg}$.)
0.0072 g
72,000 g
720 g
7200 g
Explanation
We need to convert 7.2 kilograms to grams using the conversion factor 1000 g = 1 kg. Set up the conversion: 7.2 kg × (1000 g/1 kg) = 7,200 g. The kilogram units cancel, leaving grams. A common mistake is dividing by 1000 instead of multiplying, which would give 0.0072 g. Remember that when converting to a smaller unit (grams are smaller than kilograms), your numerical answer should be larger.
A medication bottle contains 0.75 liters of solution, but a dosage pump measures in milliliters. Using $1\text{ L}=1000\text{ mL}$, how many milliliters are in 0.75 L?
7.5 mL
75 mL
750 mL
0.00075 mL
Explanation
The question asks to convert 0.75 liters of solution to milliliters, using 1 liter = 1000 milliliters. Set up the conversion by multiplying 0.75 L by the factor 1000 mL/L to change to the smaller unit. Dimensional analysis: 0.75 L × (1000 mL / 1 L) cancels liters, leaving milliliters. The calculation is straightforward: 0.75 × 1000 = 750 mL, emphasizing unit cancellation. Common errors include misplaced decimals, such as dividing instead of multiplying to get 0.75 mL or B. Another mistake is using 100 instead of 1000, yielding A. For tests, verify by thinking of known equivalents, like 1 L = 1000 mL, so 0.75 should be three-quarters of that.