Parenteral Medication Administration

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NCLEX-PN › Parenteral Medication Administration

Questions 1 - 4
1

A 63-year-old client with COPD is prescribed hydromorphone 0.2 mg IV push for severe post-operative pain. After administration, the client becomes difficult to arouse; RR 8/min, SpO2 86% on room air, BP 98/60. Which finding should be REPORTED immediately after medication administration?

Pain decreased from 9/10 to 3/10

RR 8/min with decreased level of consciousness

Client requests repositioning for comfort

Client reports mild itching without rash

Explanation

This question tests knowledge of parenteral medication administration and clinical judgment in opioid side effects. The key assessment finding after administration is RR 8/min with decreased consciousness, indicating overdose. Reporting the low RR with LOC change immediately is critical as it requires intervention like naloxone, aligning with safe practice. Pain reduction is expected; mild itching or repositioning requests are minor. The decision-making principle is rapid recognition of respiratory depression. Safety guidelines include continuous monitoring post-opioid. A transferable strategy is to have emergency protocols accessible for opioid-related events.

2

A 66-year-old client is receiving gentamicin IV for a post-operative infection. Latest labs: BUN 38 mg/dL, creatinine 2.1 mg/dL (elevated from baseline 1.0); urine output 20 mL/hr. Which finding should be REPORTED immediately after medication administration?

Temperature decreased from 101.2°F to 100.4°F (38.4°C to 38°C)

Client reports mild nausea after breakfast

Creatinine 2.1 mg/dL with decreased urine output

IV site is intact with no redness

Explanation

This question tests knowledge of parenteral medication administration and clinical judgment in aminoglycoside monitoring. The key assessment finding after administration is elevated creatinine with low urine output, signaling nephrotoxicity. Reporting the creatinine 2.1 mg/dL with decreased output immediately is critical as gentamicin can cause renal damage, aligning with safe practice. Mild nausea or temperature decrease is less urgent; intact IV site is positive but not the issue. The decision-making principle is to monitor renal function serially. Safety guidelines include holding for rising creatinine. A transferable strategy is to trend labs and output during ototoxic/nephrotoxic therapies.

3

A 72-year-old post-operative client is receiving enoxaparin subcutaneous. Thirty minutes after the injection, the client reports new lower back pain and dizziness; VS: BP 88/54, HR 122, RR 22; skin cool and clammy. Which finding should be REPORTED immediately after medication administration?

Client requests to use an ice pack at the injection site

BP 88/54 with dizziness and cool clammy skin

Client reports mild burning during the injection

Small ecchymosis at the injection site

Explanation

This question tests knowledge of parenteral medication administration and clinical judgment in monitoring anticoagulants. The key assessment finding after administration is BP 88/54 with dizziness and cool skin, suggesting hemorrhage. Reporting the low BP with symptoms immediately is critical as it indicates bleeding complication, aligning with safe practice. Small ecchymosis or burning is common; requesting ice is minor. The decision-making principle is to detect hemodynamic instability post-dose. Safety guidelines require vital sign monitoring after enoxaparin. A transferable strategy is to assess for bleeding signs like hypotension routinely after injections.

4

A 5-year-old child with type 1 diabetes received insulin lispro subcutaneous with lunch. One hour later the child becomes irritable and sleepy; capillary blood glucose is 49 mg/dL; HR 124, RR 24. Which finding should be REPORTED immediately after medication administration?

Blood glucose 49 mg/dL with behavior change

Child requests an extra snack at bedtime

Child reports mild hunger before dinner

Small bruise noted at the injection site

Explanation

This question tests knowledge of parenteral medication administration and clinical judgment in monitoring rapid-acting insulin. The key assessment finding after administration is blood glucose of 49 mg/dL with irritability and sleepiness, indicating hypoglycemia. Reporting the low glucose with behavior change immediately is critical as it requires urgent treatment, aligning with safe practice. Requesting a snack or mild hunger is normal; a small bruise is minor and expected. The decision-making principle is to recognize post-administration hypoglycemia symptoms promptly. Safety guidelines include glucose checks after insulin. A transferable strategy is to educate on hypoglycemia signs and monitor closely after doses.