All flashcards
Flashcard 1: What do ribosomes do in a cell system model?
Answer: Build proteins by assembling amino acids. Follow mRNA instructions to link amino acids in correct order.
Flashcard 2: What is the best definition of a cell model as a 'system of interacting parts'?
Answer: Organelles work together; outputs of one become inputs of another. Emphasizes interdependence and material flow between parts.
Flashcard 3: Identify the interacting parts needed to model photosynthesis in a plant cell.
Answer: Chloroplast, carbon dioxide, water, and light energy. These components interact to convert light into chemical energy.
Flashcard 4: Which structure must a model include to explain why plant cells stay rigid when full of water?
Answer: Central vacuole. Fills with water to push against cell wall for support.
Flashcard 5: Which organelle is the correct match for 'site of most ATP production'?
Answer: Mitochondrion. Has double membrane with inner folds for cellular respiration.
Flashcard 6: Which organelle is the correct match for 'packages and ships cell products'?
Answer: Golgi apparatus. Modifies proteins from ER and sorts them into vesicles.
Flashcard 7: What is the cell wall's function in a plant cell system model?
Answer: Provides rigid support and protection outside the membrane. Made of cellulose in plants; absent in animal cells.
Flashcard 8: What is the cytoskeleton's function in a cell system model?
Answer: Provides structure and helps move organelles and materials. Network of protein fibers acts as cell's highway system.
Flashcard 9: What is a lysosome's role in a cell system model?
Answer: Breaks down wastes and worn-out cell parts with enzymes. Contains digestive enzymes to recycle cellular materials.
Flashcard 10: What is a vacuole's main function in a cell system model?
Answer: Stores water, nutrients, and wastes; supports plant cells. Large central vacuole in plants provides turgor pressure.
Flashcard 11: What is the chloroplast's main role in a cell system model?
Answer: Converts light energy to sugars by photosynthesis. Contains chlorophyll to capture light for making glucose from CO₂.
Flashcard 12: What is the mitochondrion's main role in a cell system model?
Answer: Produces ATP by cellular respiration. Breaks down glucose to generate energy currency for cell work.
Flashcard 13: What is the Golgi apparatus function in a cell system model?
Answer: Sorts, packages, and ships proteins and lipids in vesicles. Acts as the cell's post office for protein and lipid distribution.
Flashcard 14: What is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (smooth ER) function?
Answer: Synthesizes lipids and helps detoxify harmful substances. Lacks ribosomes, allowing specialized functions like lipid production.
Flashcard 15: What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER) function?
Answer: Modifies and transports proteins made by attached ribosomes. Studded with ribosomes that make proteins for export or membranes.
Flashcard 16: What is the nucleus's role in a cell system model?
Answer: Stores DNA and controls cell activities via gene expression. Acts as the control center by regulating which genes are active.
Flashcard 17: What is the cytoplasm in a cell system model?
Answer: Gel-like fluid where organelles are suspended and reactions occur. Provides the medium for cellular processes and organelle movement.
Flashcard 18: What is the cell membrane's main job in a model of a cell system?
Answer: Controls what enters and leaves; maintains homeostasis. Acts as a selective barrier to protect the cell's internal environment.
Flashcard 19: Which structure must interact with chloroplasts to allow CO2 to enter a plant cell?
Answer: Cell membrane (selective barrier for gas exchange). Membrane controls gas entry for photosynthesis.
Flashcard 20: What is the lysosome's main function in a cell system model?
Answer: Breaks down wastes and worn-out cell parts using enzymes. Contains digestive enzymes for cellular cleanup.
Flashcard 21: What is the cytoplasm in a cell system model?
Answer: Gel-like interior where organelles are suspended and reactions occur. Provides medium for cellular processes and organelle movement.
Flashcard 22: What is the nucleus's main function in a cell system model?
Answer: Stores DNA and controls cell activities by regulating gene expression. Acts as control center directing all cellular functions.
Flashcard 23: What is the ribosome's role in a cell system model?
Answer: Site of protein synthesis (builds proteins from amino acids). Translates genetic code into functional proteins.
Flashcard 24: What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER) responsible for?
Answer: Modifies and transports proteins made by attached ribosomes. Has ribosomes on surface for protein production and processing.
Flashcard 25: What is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (smooth ER) responsible for?
Answer: Synthesizes lipids and helps detoxify certain chemicals. Lacks ribosomes, specializes in lipid metabolism.
Flashcard 26: What is the Golgi apparatus's main role in a cell system model?
Answer: Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport. Acts as cell's shipping center for proteins and lipids.
Flashcard 27: What is the mitochondrion's main function in a cell system model?
Answer: Produces ATP by cellular respiration; releases usable energy. Powerhouse converts nutrients to usable energy currency.
Flashcard 28: What is the chloroplast's main function in a cell system model?
Answer: Performs photosynthesis to make sugars from light energy. Converts solar energy into chemical energy in sugars.
Flashcard 29: What is the vacuole's main function in a cell system model?
Answer: Stores water, nutrients, and wastes; maintains pressure in plants. Large in plant cells for turgor pressure and storage.
Flashcard 30: What is the cell membrane's main role in a cell system model?
Answer: Selective barrier controlling what enters and leaves the cell. Regulates passage of materials to maintain cell homeostasis.