Model Food Breakdown - Middle School Life Science
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Which process breaks large food molecules into smaller molecules that cells can absorb?
Which process breaks large food molecules into smaller molecules that cells can absorb?
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Digestion. Breaks down complex molecules into simple nutrients cells can use.
Digestion. Breaks down complex molecules into simple nutrients cells can use.
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Which type of biological molecule is broken down into amino acids?
Which type of biological molecule is broken down into amino acids?
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Proteins. Peptide bonds between amino acids are broken during protein digestion.
Proteins. Peptide bonds between amino acids are broken during protein digestion.
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Which type of biological molecule is broken down into simple sugars such as glucose?
Which type of biological molecule is broken down into simple sugars such as glucose?
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Carbohydrates. Complex carbs like starch break into glucose for cellular energy.
Carbohydrates. Complex carbs like starch break into glucose for cellular energy.
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Which type of biological molecule is broken down into fatty acids and glycerol?
Which type of biological molecule is broken down into fatty acids and glycerol?
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Lipids (fats and oils). Triglycerides split into three fatty acids and one glycerol molecule.
Lipids (fats and oils). Triglycerides split into three fatty acids and one glycerol molecule.
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What is the monomer (building block) of proteins that can be rearranged to build new proteins?
What is the monomer (building block) of proteins that can be rearranged to build new proteins?
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Amino acids. Twenty different types combine in various sequences to form proteins.
Amino acids. Twenty different types combine in various sequences to form proteins.
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What is the main monosaccharide cells use as a fuel for cellular respiration?
What is the main monosaccharide cells use as a fuel for cellular respiration?
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Glucose. Six-carbon sugar that cells break down for ATP energy.
Glucose. Six-carbon sugar that cells break down for ATP energy.
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Which cell structure is the main site of cellular respiration that releases energy from food?
Which cell structure is the main site of cellular respiration that releases energy from food?
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Mitochondria. Powerhouse organelles that convert glucose to ATP energy.
Mitochondria. Powerhouse organelles that convert glucose to ATP energy.
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What are the two main products of cellular respiration besides energy in ATP?
What are the two main products of cellular respiration besides energy in ATP?
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Carbon dioxide and water. Glucose carbons become $CO_2$; oxygen combines with hydrogen forming $H_2O$.
Carbon dioxide and water. Glucose carbons become $CO_2$; oxygen combines with hydrogen forming $H_2O$.
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What molecule is the immediate, usable energy currency produced from food energy in cells?
What molecule is the immediate, usable energy currency produced from food energy in cells?
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ATP. Adenosine triphosphate stores energy in phosphate bonds.
ATP. Adenosine triphosphate stores energy in phosphate bonds.
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Which process rearranges small molecules into larger molecules needed for growth and repair?
Which process rearranges small molecules into larger molecules needed for growth and repair?
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Biosynthesis (anabolism). Builds complex molecules from simple ones, requiring energy input.
Biosynthesis (anabolism). Builds complex molecules from simple ones, requiring energy input.
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Which process breaks molecules down and usually releases energy for the cell?
Which process breaks molecules down and usually releases energy for the cell?
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Catabolism. Breaking bonds releases energy stored in food molecules.
Catabolism. Breaking bonds releases energy stored in food molecules.
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Identify the correct word equation for cellular respiration using glucose and oxygen.
Identify the correct word equation for cellular respiration using glucose and oxygen.
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Glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + ATP. Summarizes how cells extract energy from glucose using oxygen.
Glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + ATP. Summarizes how cells extract energy from glucose using oxygen.
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Which statement best models matter: Are atoms destroyed when food is used for energy in cells?
Which statement best models matter: Are atoms destroyed when food is used for energy in cells?
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No; atoms are rearranged into new molecules. Conservation of matter: atoms cannot be created or destroyed.
No; atoms are rearranged into new molecules. Conservation of matter: atoms cannot be created or destroyed.
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Which atoms in glucose end up in the carbon dioxide produced during cellular respiration?
Which atoms in glucose end up in the carbon dioxide produced during cellular respiration?
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Carbon atoms from glucose. Six carbon atoms from $C_6H_{12}O_6$ form six $CO_2$ molecules.
Carbon atoms from glucose. Six carbon atoms from $C_6H_{12}O_6$ form six $CO_2$ molecules.
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Which atoms from oxygen gas end up in the water produced during cellular respiration?
Which atoms from oxygen gas end up in the water produced during cellular respiration?
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Oxygen atoms from $O_2$. Oxygen gas combines with hydrogen from glucose to form water.
Oxygen atoms from $O_2$. Oxygen gas combines with hydrogen from glucose to form water.
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Which option best models digestion: Does it create new atoms or change how atoms are bonded?
Which option best models digestion: Does it create new atoms or change how atoms are bonded?
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It changes how atoms are bonded (breaks and reforms bonds). Enzymes break existing bonds without creating new atoms.
It changes how atoms are bonded (breaks and reforms bonds). Enzymes break existing bonds without creating new atoms.
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Choose the correct model outcome: After digestion, what happens to amino acids in the body?
Choose the correct model outcome: After digestion, what happens to amino acids in the body?
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They are rearranged to build new proteins. Cells link amino acids with peptide bonds to form new proteins.
They are rearranged to build new proteins. Cells link amino acids with peptide bonds to form new proteins.
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Identify the correct pathway: What happens to excess glucose after immediate energy needs are met?
Identify the correct pathway: What happens to excess glucose after immediate energy needs are met?
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It can be stored as glycogen or converted to fat. Body stores excess energy as glycogen (short-term) or fat (long-term).
It can be stored as glycogen or converted to fat. Body stores excess energy as glycogen (short-term) or fat (long-term).
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What type of reaction joins monomers into a polymer by removing water?
What type of reaction joins monomers into a polymer by removing water?
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Dehydration synthesis (condensation). Monomers link by removing H from one and OH from another.
Dehydration synthesis (condensation). Monomers link by removing H from one and OH from another.
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What is the main role of digestive enzymes in food breakdown?
What is the main role of digestive enzymes in food breakdown?
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They speed up chemical digestion reactions. Enzymes catalyze reactions without being consumed.
They speed up chemical digestion reactions. Enzymes catalyze reactions without being consumed.
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What is the specific name for an enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates?
What is the specific name for an enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates?
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Amylase. Found in saliva and pancreas to digest starches.
Amylase. Found in saliva and pancreas to digest starches.
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What is the specific name for an enzyme that breaks down lipids?
What is the specific name for an enzyme that breaks down lipids?
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Lipase. Breaks ester bonds in triglycerides during fat digestion.
Lipase. Breaks ester bonds in triglycerides during fat digestion.
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Which model statement correctly explains why oxygen is needed in cellular respiration?
Which model statement correctly explains why oxygen is needed in cellular respiration?
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Oxygen helps break down glucose so more ATP can be produced. Oxygen accepts electrons, allowing complete glucose breakdown.
Oxygen helps break down glucose so more ATP can be produced. Oxygen accepts electrons, allowing complete glucose breakdown.
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Identify the correct balanced chemical equation for cellular respiration.
Identify the correct balanced chemical equation for cellular respiration.
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$C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{ATP}$. Shows glucose and oxygen rearranging into new molecules plus energy.
$C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{ATP}$. Shows glucose and oxygen rearranging into new molecules plus energy.
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Which molecule is the immediate energy currency that cells make from food molecules?
Which molecule is the immediate energy currency that cells make from food molecules?
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ATP. Cells use ATP to power all energy-requiring processes.
ATP. Cells use ATP to power all energy-requiring processes.
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