All flashcards
Flashcard 1: What is meant by “rearranged molecules” during growth and repair in an organism?
Answer: Atoms are recombined into new molecules that build body structures. Food molecules are broken down and reassembled into body components.
Flashcard 2: What is the main purpose of rearranging molecules in the body during growth?
Answer: To build new cells and increase body mass by making new biomolecules. New molecules form cellular components for organism growth.
Flashcard 3: What is the main purpose of rearranging molecules in the body during repair?
Answer: To replace damaged cell parts and rebuild tissues using new molecules. Molecules rebuild damaged structures back to healthy state.
Flashcard 4: Which macromolecule type is most directly used to build and repair body structures?
Answer: Proteins. Made of amino acids, they form structural and functional components.
Flashcard 5: What are the smaller building blocks that cells link together to make proteins?
Answer: Amino acids. 20 types combine in chains to form all proteins.
Flashcard 6: What is the role of enzymes in rearranging molecules for growth and repair?
Answer: They speed up chemical reactions that build and break molecules. Biological catalysts make reactions happen faster.
Flashcard 7: Which process releases energy from food molecules so cells can build new molecules?
Answer: Cellular respiration. Breaks down glucose to produce ATP for biosynthesis.
Flashcard 8: Which cell structure uses amino acids to assemble proteins needed for growth and repair?
Answer: Ribosomes. Protein synthesis sites that read genetic instructions.
Flashcard 9: Which macromolecule stores genetic instructions that guide building proteins for repair?
Answer: DNA. Contains blueprints for all proteins cells can make.
Flashcard 10: Which option best explains why atoms are conserved during growth and repair?
Answer: Atoms are rearranged into new molecules; they are not created or destroyed. Matter is conserved; only molecular arrangements change.
Flashcard 11: Which option best describes how cell division contributes to growth after molecules are built?
Answer: Cells divide to increase cell number using newly made cell materials. Mitosis produces more cells from synthesized materials.
Flashcard 12: Which option best explains how a cut heals using rearranged molecules?
Answer: Cells synthesize new proteins and membranes to replace damaged tissue. New molecules rebuild tissue structure during healing.
Flashcard 13: What is the role of enzymes in rearranging molecules for growth and repair?
Answer: They speed up chemical reactions that build and break molecules. Enzymes catalyze both synthesis and breakdown reactions.
Flashcard 14: What is the main purpose of rearranging molecules during growth and repair?
Answer: To build new cell parts and replace damaged structures. New molecules form cellular components and fix damage.
Flashcard 15: What is mitosis, and how does it support growth and repair?
Answer: Cell division that produces two identical body cells for growth and tissue repair. This process maintains chromosome number in somatic cells.
Flashcard 16: What is the main purpose of cell division during tissue repair after an injury?
Answer: To replace damaged or dead cells with new cells. New cells restore tissue function and structure.
Flashcard 17: Which biomolecule forms cell membranes and must be made for new cells during growth?
Answer: Lipids (phospholipids). These molecules have hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic heads.
Flashcard 18: Which biomolecule provides quick energy that cells can use to power repair processes?
Answer: Carbohydrates (such as glucose). These molecules undergo cellular respiration to produce ATP.
Flashcard 19: Which option best completes the statement: Mitosis supports growth by increasing the number of .
Answer: cells. Cell proliferation increases tissue mass during development.
Flashcard 20: Identify the best description of how food molecules support repair after digestion.
Answer: Digestion yields small molecules that cells rebuild into needed body molecules. Nutrients are broken down then reassembled for body use.
Flashcard 21: Choose the best match: DNA instructions → ribosome action → produced molecule is a .
Answer: protein. Ribosomes synthesize proteins based on genetic instructions.
Flashcard 22: Which type of biomolecule is most directly used to build and repair body structures such as muscle?
Answer: Proteins. These polymers form structural components and enzymes in tissues.
Flashcard 23: What does it mean to say molecules are rearranged during growth and repair?
Answer: Atoms are recombined into new molecules with new structures and functions. Chemical bonds break and reform to create different molecular structures.
Flashcard 24: What is the name of the process that builds larger molecules from smaller ones for growth?
Answer: Anabolism. This metabolic process synthesizes complex molecules from simpler ones.
Flashcard 25: What are the building blocks (monomers) that cells link together to make proteins?
Answer: Amino acids. These organic compounds contain an amino group and carboxyl group.
Flashcard 26: Which organelle is the main site where cells assemble amino acids into proteins?
Answer: Ribosomes. These cellular structures translate mRNA into polypeptide chains.
Flashcard 27: What is the role of enzymes in rearranging molecules during growth and repair?
Answer: They speed up chemical reactions that break and form chemical bonds. Enzymes are biological catalysts that lower activation energy.
Flashcard 28: What is the relationship between chemical bonds and molecular rearrangement?
Answer: Reactions break old bonds and form new bonds to create new molecules. Energy is stored in bonds and released when bonds break.
Flashcard 29: Which cellular process builds large molecules from smaller ones for growth and repair?
Answer: Anabolism (biosynthesis). Building complex molecules from simple ones requires energy.
Flashcard 30: Which cellular process breaks down large molecules into smaller ones that can be reused?
Answer: Catabolism. Breaking down releases building blocks for reuse.