Water Changes State - Middle School Earth and Space Science
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Which water cycle process is most directly driven by solar energy causing a state change?
Which water cycle process is most directly driven by solar energy causing a state change?
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Evaporation. Sun's heat provides energy to change liquid to vapor.
Evaporation. Sun's heat provides energy to change liquid to vapor.
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What is condensation in the water cycle, stated as a phase change?
What is condensation in the water cycle, stated as a phase change?
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Water vapor (gas) changes to liquid water droplets. Cooling causes gas molecules to slow and stick together as liquid.
Water vapor (gas) changes to liquid water droplets. Cooling causes gas molecules to slow and stick together as liquid.
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Which phase change releases thermal energy: condensation or evaporation?
Which phase change releases thermal energy: condensation or evaporation?
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Condensation releases thermal energy. Energy is released when gas molecules form liquid bonds.
Condensation releases thermal energy. Energy is released when gas molecules form liquid bonds.
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What is freezing in the water cycle, in terms of a change of state?
What is freezing in the water cycle, in terms of a change of state?
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Liquid water changes to solid ice. Cooling slows molecules until they lock into crystal structure.
Liquid water changes to solid ice. Cooling slows molecules until they lock into crystal structure.
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What is melting in the water cycle, in terms of a change of state?
What is melting in the water cycle, in terms of a change of state?
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Solid water (ice) changes to liquid water. Heat breaks crystal structure bonds, allowing molecules to flow.
Solid water (ice) changes to liquid water. Heat breaks crystal structure bonds, allowing molecules to flow.
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What is condensation in the water cycle, in terms of a change of state?
What is condensation in the water cycle, in terms of a change of state?
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Water vapor (gas) changes to liquid water droplets. Cooling reduces molecular motion, allowing gas to form liquid bonds.
Water vapor (gas) changes to liquid water droplets. Cooling reduces molecular motion, allowing gas to form liquid bonds.
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What is evaporation in the water cycle, in terms of a change of state?
What is evaporation in the water cycle, in terms of a change of state?
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Liquid water changes to water vapor (gas). Heat energy breaks bonds between liquid molecules, creating gas.
Liquid water changes to water vapor (gas). Heat energy breaks bonds between liquid molecules, creating gas.
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Identify the state change when water droplets in a cloud freeze to form snow or hail.
Identify the state change when water droplets in a cloud freeze to form snow or hail.
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Freezing (liquid to solid). Below-freezing temperatures in clouds solidify droplets.
Freezing (liquid to solid). Below-freezing temperatures in clouds solidify droplets.
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Identify the state change when water vapor becomes liquid on the outside of a cold drink cup.
Identify the state change when water vapor becomes liquid on the outside of a cold drink cup.
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Condensation. Cold surface cools vapor below dew point, forming droplets.
Condensation. Cold surface cools vapor below dew point, forming droplets.
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Which state changes release heat energy to the surroundings (exothermic changes)?
Which state changes release heat energy to the surroundings (exothermic changes)?
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Condensation, freezing, and deposition release heat. Bond formation releases stored energy as heat.
Condensation, freezing, and deposition release heat. Bond formation releases stored energy as heat.
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Which state changes absorb heat energy from the surroundings (endothermic changes)?
Which state changes absorb heat energy from the surroundings (endothermic changes)?
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Melting, evaporation, and sublimation absorb heat. Breaking bonds requires energy input from surroundings.
Melting, evaporation, and sublimation absorb heat. Breaking bonds requires energy input from surroundings.
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Which process moves water from plant leaves to the atmosphere as water vapor?
Which process moves water from plant leaves to the atmosphere as water vapor?
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Transpiration. Stomata release vapor as plants transport water upward.
Transpiration. Stomata release vapor as plants transport water upward.
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What is transpiration in the water cycle, in terms of a change of state?
What is transpiration in the water cycle, in terms of a change of state?
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Plants release water vapor; liquid in leaves becomes gas. Water exits stomata as vapor through evaporation in leaves.
Plants release water vapor; liquid in leaves becomes gas. Water exits stomata as vapor through evaporation in leaves.
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Which state change forms frost when water vapor turns directly into ice on a cold surface?
Which state change forms frost when water vapor turns directly into ice on a cold surface?
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Deposition (gas to solid). Cold surfaces cause vapor to crystallize without liquid phase.
Deposition (gas to solid). Cold surfaces cause vapor to crystallize without liquid phase.
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Which state change occurs when ice slowly disappears on a dry, cold day without melting?
Which state change occurs when ice slowly disappears on a dry, cold day without melting?
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Sublimation (solid to gas). Low humidity allows ice molecules to escape directly as vapor.
Sublimation (solid to gas). Low humidity allows ice molecules to escape directly as vapor.
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Which state change occurs when liquid water in a puddle becomes ice overnight?
Which state change occurs when liquid water in a puddle becomes ice overnight?
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Freezing (liquid to solid). Cold temperatures slow molecules into organized solid form.
Freezing (liquid to solid). Cold temperatures slow molecules into organized solid form.
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Which state change occurs when snow on the ground becomes liquid water in spring?
Which state change occurs when snow on the ground becomes liquid water in spring?
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Melting (solid to liquid). Warmer temperatures break ice's rigid molecular structure.
Melting (solid to liquid). Warmer temperatures break ice's rigid molecular structure.
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Which state change occurs when water vapor cools and forms cloud droplets?
Which state change occurs when water vapor cools and forms cloud droplets?
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Condensation (gas to liquid). Lower temperature reduces kinetic energy, forming droplets.
Condensation (gas to liquid). Lower temperature reduces kinetic energy, forming droplets.
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Which state change occurs when sunlight heats ocean water and it becomes water vapor?
Which state change occurs when sunlight heats ocean water and it becomes water vapor?
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Evaporation (liquid to gas). Solar heat provides energy for molecules to escape as vapor.
Evaporation (liquid to gas). Solar heat provides energy for molecules to escape as vapor.
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What is deposition in the water cycle, in terms of a change of state?
What is deposition in the water cycle, in terms of a change of state?
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Water vapor (gas) changes directly to solid ice. Gas molecules lose energy and form solid crystal structure.
Water vapor (gas) changes directly to solid ice. Gas molecules lose energy and form solid crystal structure.
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What is sublimation in the water cycle, in terms of a change of state?
What is sublimation in the water cycle, in terms of a change of state?
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Solid ice changes directly to water vapor (gas). Molecules gain enough energy to escape solid directly as gas.
Solid ice changes directly to water vapor (gas). Molecules gain enough energy to escape solid directly as gas.
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Which phase change absorbs thermal energy: evaporation or condensation?
Which phase change absorbs thermal energy: evaporation or condensation?
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Evaporation absorbs thermal energy. Breaking liquid bonds requires energy input.
Evaporation absorbs thermal energy. Breaking liquid bonds requires energy input.
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What is deposition in the water cycle, stated as a phase change?
What is deposition in the water cycle, stated as a phase change?
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Water vapor (gas) changes directly to solid ice. Gas molecules lose energy and form solid crystals directly.
Water vapor (gas) changes directly to solid ice. Gas molecules lose energy and form solid crystals directly.
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What is sublimation in the water cycle, stated as a phase change?
What is sublimation in the water cycle, stated as a phase change?
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Solid ice changes directly to water vapor (gas). Molecules gain enough energy to escape solid directly.
Solid ice changes directly to water vapor (gas). Molecules gain enough energy to escape solid directly.
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What is freezing in the water cycle, stated as a phase change?
What is freezing in the water cycle, stated as a phase change?
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Liquid water changes to solid ice. Cooling causes molecules to form rigid crystal structure.
Liquid water changes to solid ice. Cooling causes molecules to form rigid crystal structure.
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