Conjunctions and Sentence Logic in Phrase-Based Sentence Completions

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ISEE Lower Level Verbal Reasoning › Conjunctions and Sentence Logic in Phrase-Based Sentence Completions

Questions 1 - 10
1

Choose the word or set of words that best completes the following sentence.

Most great basketball players attend college before entering the NBA, but that famous player __________.

became a professional directly after high school

studied biology at a university near his hometown

has a degree from a prestigious college

worked at a restaurant to pay for his tuition

Explanation

We know that most NBA players go to college before becoming professionals, but the word "but" tells us that this was not true for the player in question. This implies that unlike the other athletes, this player did not attend college. The statement that he "became a professional directly out of high school" is the only one that makes sense here—the other statements state that he did go to college.

2

Choose the word or set of words that best completes the following sentence.

After I lost my keys __________.

I had to replace them

I entered my house

I ordered a pizza

I went to the dentist

I had already found them

Explanation

To solve this problem you need to determine which of these answer choices best represents an action the speaker might take in reaction to losing their keys. The correct answer is therefore " . . . I had to replace them." The answer choice " . . . I had already found them" does not make sense contextually.

3

Choose the word or set of words that best completes the following sentence.

Even when the football team loses, they __________; the athletes always shake hands and congratulate their opponents.

display good sportsmanship

react with anger at their loss

completely ignore the other players

celebrate afterwards with a good meal

often can't believe that they lost

Explanation

The second part of this sentence tells us that the football team treats their opponents with respect, even after a tough loss. This immediately eliminates two choices: since the players are being nice, they clearly are not "reacting with anger at their loss," and they are shaking hands, not "ignoring the other players." Additionally, the statement that "they celebrate afterwards with a good meal" is certainly possible, but not confirmed by the rest of the sentence. The answer is that they "display good sportsmanship," which means they acted honorably (they weren't "sore losers") and played fairly.

4

Choose the word or set of words that best completes the following sentence.

Every time he listened to his grandfather's stories, Bradley was astonished at the similarities between __________ and the "olden days."

his own life during contemporary times

his grandfather's childhood during the 1940s

the tales told by his other elderly relatives

the elaborate car driven by that relative

Explanation

Here, the key word is "similarities." If Bradley is "astonished," or shocked, at the similarities between two things, the things in question must seem very different on the surface. Therefore, a choice like "his grandfather's childhood during the 1940s" is incorrect because this choice is too close in meaning to "the olden days"; finding similarities between the two would not surprise anyone. From this reasoning, we can deduce that the best choice would be related to modern life, as it would be the most likely to be compared with times of old. "His life during contemporary times" is the most relevant answer. "Contemporary" means modern, and it is certainly logical that Bradley might be surprised when finding that his grandfather and himself have some things in common.

5

Sentence completion: Select the word or phrase that best completes the following sentence.

I have always believed in Santa Claus, but __________.

I suppose I could be wrong

he visits me personally every year

my mother and father agree

I can prove he exists

I believe in other things too

Explanation

All of these answer choices would fit better with the conjunction "and" except the correct answer " . . . I suppose I could be wrong." The use of the conjunction "but" means that the information contained in the second part of the sentence will be different or opposite in meaning to the information contained in the first part of the sentence. So, the speaker is essentially saying "I believe this, but I could be wrong." The other answer choices are more like "I believe this and this is why."

6

Select the answer choice that is closest in meaning to the word in capital letters.

__________ to survive and thrive.

People need clean water

The night is cold and dark

The less time spent working

Out here I feel very alone

This time of year is always boring

Explanation

To begin with "thrive" means do well. So, which of these answer choices fits best with " . . . to survive and thrive"? The correct answer is "People need clean water . . . " All the other answer choices do not fit with the structure of the sentence and some of them would cause the sentence to feel incomplete.

7

Choose the word or set of words that best completes the following sentence.

The community was tired of the mayor making every decision, so they decided to create a more _____________ process for their political choices, allowing everyone to take part.

democratic

independent

regulated

legal

tyrannical

Explanation

The key phrase in this sentence is "allowing everyone to take part." The people want to have a greater degree of democracy in their town's political process. This is in contrast to the current actions of the mayor who apparently is doing everything in a controlling manner. Democracy is rule by all of the people, and a "democratic process" is a process that enables this kind of rule.

8

Sentence completion: Select the word or phrase that best completes the following sentence.

Even if I pass my exams, __________.

my teacher still might fail me

my parents will be very proud of me

I'll be living around the corner

my friends will also pass theirs

I will graduate from college

Explanation

The use of the conjunction "even if" implies something conditional. This means that the speaker needs to accomplish something to get something else, but that might still not be enough. So, the correct answer must be something negative or worrying. The correct answer is therefore " . . . my teacher might still fail me." None of the other answer choices can be right because they are either nonsensical or describe a positive situation. The conjunction "even if" is complicated to understand and even harder to explain (the simplest words are sometimes the hardest to define) so let us look at another couple of examples: "Even if I eat lots of food I never feel full" and "Even if it is dark outside someone with good eyesight can still see."

9

Choose the word or set of words that best completes the following sentence.

In order to live together peacefully, the two friends had to ______________ each other's faults, for if they focused on every little annoyance, they would eventually hate each other.

overlook

judge

condemn

love

analyze

Explanation

The second part of the sentence indicates that the two friends knew that they couldn't pay too much attention to each other's faults. When we do not focus on something, we "overlook" it. This means that we ignore it, at least as much as we can.

10

Choose the word or set of words that best completes the following sentence.

Although his voice was weary __________.

the singer kept going

the man decided to rest

the musician had to stop playing

the rockstar was rushed to the hospital

the artist could no longer perform

Explanation

The key to solving this sentence completion is to recognize the word "although." "Although" means in spite of this fact, even though this is true. So, for example "although I am tired, I am not going to sleep." So in this instance "although" the singer's voice was weary (tired) he keeps singing.

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