English Grammar & Syntax · Lessons

English Grammar & Syntax lessons

7 sections · 102 skills · work through the full outline skill by skill — read the long-form lesson or flip through the slide-style version.

Long-form lessonsSlide-style lessons

Practice 102 skills across this outline.

Recommended next

Simple Future: Will vs. Going To

Verbs (Tense, Aspect, Voice & Mood) · Core Tenses & Time Meaning

Long-form lesson

Weighting distribution

24 categories

Punctuation & Mechanics · Quotation, Parentheses & Formatting

10%

Modifiers · Phrases as Modifiers

Usage, Style & Error Patterns · Clarity & Style in Professional Writing

Modifiers · Adjectives & Adverbs

Syntax & Cohesion · Information Flow & Emphasis

Syntax & Cohesion · Connectors & Logical Relationships

Skills

The comprehensive taxonomy of english grammar & syntax — drill into a card to work its skills.

Verbs (Tense, Aspect, Voice & Mood) · Core Tenses & Time Meaning

4 core skills3% total weight

0/4 completed

4 skills to mastery

Simple Future: Will vs. Going ToRecommended

Long-form

Revising Tense ErrorsAvailable

Long-form

Simple Present vs. Present ContinuousAvailable

Long-form

Maintaining Tense ConsistencyAvailable

Long-form

Verbs (Tense, Aspect, Voice & Mood) · Modals, Mood & Conditionals

4 core skills3% total weight

0/4 completed

4 skills to mastery

Sentence Forms for ToneAvailable

Long-form

Avoiding Conditional ErrorsAvailable

Long-form

Zero, First & Second ConditionalsAvailable

Long-form

Verbs (Tense, Aspect, Voice & Mood) · Perfect Tenses & Aspect

5 core skills4% total weight

0/5 completed

5 skills to mastery

Simple Past vs. Present PerfectAvailable

Long-form

Avoiding Perfect Tense ErrorsAvailable

Long-form

Future PerfectAvailable

Long-form

Present PerfectAvailable

Long-form

Past PerfectAvailable

Long-form

Verbs (Tense, Aspect, Voice & Mood) · Voice (Active/Passive) & Clarity

5 core skills4% total weight

0/5 completed

5 skills to mastery

Identifying Active vs. Passive VoiceAvailable

Long-form

Maintaining Voice ConsistencyAvailable

Long-form

Avoiding Awkward Passive VoiceAvailable

Long-form

Choosing Passive Voice AppropriatelyAvailable

Long-form

Revising to Active VoiceAvailable

Long-form

Nouns, Pronouns & Determiners · Possession & Apostrophes

4 core skills3% total weight

0/4 completed

4 skills to mastery

Compound Noun PossessivesAvailable

Long-form

Possessives vs. ContractionsAvailable

Long-form

Forming PossessivesAvailable

Long-form

Proofreading Apostrophe ErrorsAvailable

Long-form

Nouns, Pronouns & Determiners · Determiners, Quantifiers & Agreement

5 core skills4% total weight

0/5 completed

5 skills to mastery

Choosing QuantifiersAvailable

Long-form

Collective Noun AgreementAvailable

Long-form

Subject-Verb Agreement with Complex SubjectsAvailable

Long-form

Using DeterminersAvailable

Long-form

Indefinite Pronoun AgreementAvailable

Long-form

Nouns, Pronouns & Determiners · Nouns, Count/Noncount & Articles

5 core skills4% total weight

0/5 completed

5 skills to mastery

Using ArticlesAvailable

Long-form

Quantity & Measure ExpressionsAvailable

Long-form

Generic vs. Specific ReferenceAvailable

Long-form

Count vs. Noncount NounsAvailable

Long-form

Avoiding Article ErrorsAvailable

Long-form

Nouns, Pronouns & Determiners · Pronouns & Clear Reference

4 core skills3% total weight

0/4 completed

4 skills to mastery

Using Demonstratives ClearlyAvailable

Long-form

Pronoun-Antecedent AgreementAvailable

Long-form

Eliminating Ambiguous PronounsAvailable

Long-form

Avoiding Unclear Pronoun ReferenceAvailable

Long-form

Sentence Foundations (Clauses & Structure) · Independent & Dependent Clauses

4 core skills3% total weight

0/4 completed

4 skills to mastery

Identifying Clause TypesAvailable

Long-form

Punctuating Introductory ClausesAvailable

Long-form

Choosing Appropriate ConnectorsAvailable

Long-form

Avoiding Fragments: Dependent ClausesAvailable

Long-form

Sentence Foundations (Clauses & Structure) · Parallelism & List Structures

4 core skills3% total weight

0/4 completed

4 skills to mastery

Parallel Structure in Lists & PairsAvailable

Long-form

Avoiding Faulty ComparisonsAvailable

Long-form

Parallel Structure in DescriptionsAvailable

Long-form

Revising for Parallel ListsAvailable

Long-form

Sentence Foundations (Clauses & Structure) · Sentence Fragments & Run-On Sentences

4 core skills2% total weight

0/4 completed

4 skills to mastery

Fixing FragmentsAvailable

Long-form

Fixing Run-OnsAvailable

Long-form

Identifying Run-Ons & Comma SplicesAvailable

Long-form

Identifying Fragment TypesAvailable

Long-form

Sentence Foundations (Clauses & Structure) · Parts of a Sentence

5 core skills3% total weight

0/5 completed

5 skills to mastery

Checking for Complete IdeasAvailable

Long-form

Identifying Prepositional PhrasesAvailable

Long-form

Identifying Objects & ComplementsAvailable

Long-form

Identifying Subject & Main VerbAvailable

Long-form

Action vs. Linking VerbsAvailable

Long-form

Sentence Foundations (Clauses & Structure) · Simple, Compound & Complex Sentences

4 core skills2% total weight

0/4 completed

4 skills to mastery

Creating Compound SentencesAvailable

Long-form

Creating Complex SentencesAvailable

Long-form

Distinguishing Sentence TypesAvailable

Long-form

Avoiding Run-OnsAvailable

Long-form

Modifiers · Clauses as Modifiers

4 core skills4% total weight

0/4 completed

4 skills to mastery

Using Noun ClausesAvailable

Long-form

Reducing Clause StackingAvailable

Long-form

Punctuating Relative ClausesAvailable

Long-form

Avoiding Relative Clause ErrorsAvailable

Long-form

Modifiers · Adjectives & Adverbs

4 core skills5% total weight

0/4 completed

4 skills to mastery

Revising Modifier PlacementAvailable

Long-form

Avoiding Double Negatives & Misplaced ModifiersAvailable

Long-form

Adverb PlacementAvailable

Long-form

Adjectives vs. AdverbsAvailable

Long-form

Modifiers · Phrases as Modifiers

5 core skills6% total weight

0/5 completed

5 skills to mastery

Revising Modifier-Heavy SentencesAvailable

Long-form

Using Prepositional Phrase ModifiersAvailable

Long-form

Avoiding Dangling ModifiersAvailable

Long-form

Identifying Participial PhrasesAvailable

Long-form

Using AppositivesAvailable

Long-form

Syntax & Cohesion · Information Flow & Emphasis

4 core skills5% total weight

0/4 completed

4 skills to mastery

Sentence EmphasisAvailable

Long-form

Revising for EmphasisAvailable

Long-form

Avoiding Awkward Word OrderAvailable

Long-form

Given-New Information FlowAvailable

Long-form

Syntax & Cohesion · Connectors & Logical Relationships

4 core skills5% total weight

0/4 completed

4 skills to mastery

Coordinating vs. Subordinating ConnectorsAvailable

Long-form

Revising for CoherenceAvailable

Long-form

Punctuating TransitionsAvailable

Long-form

Avoiding Transition OveruseAvailable

Long-form

Syntax & Cohesion · Reference, Repetition & Cohesion

4 core skills5% total weight

0/4 completed

4 skills to mastery

Cross-Paragraph CohesionAvailable

Long-form

Strategic RepetitionAvailable

Long-form

Consistent TerminologyAvailable

Long-form

Editing for CohesionAvailable

Long-form

Usage, Style & Error Patterns · Word Choice, Formality & Register

4 core skills4% total weight

0/4 completed

4 skills to mastery

Revising for ConcisionAvailable

Long-form

Avoiding Informal LanguageAvailable

Long-form

Replacing Vague WordsAvailable

Long-form

Choosing Formality LevelAvailable

Long-form

Usage, Style & Error Patterns · Clarity & Style in Professional Writing

4 core skills6% total weight

0/4 completed

4 skills to mastery

Tone & Politeness in WritingAvailable

Long-form

Proofreading for High-Impact ErrorsAvailable

Long-form

Writing Clear InstructionsAvailable

Long-form

Revising for Clarity & ResponsibilityAvailable

Long-form

Usage, Style & Error Patterns · Common Grammar Errors

4 core skills4% total weight

0/4 completed

4 skills to mastery

Correcting Modifier ErrorsAvailable

Long-form

Correcting Pronoun ErrorsAvailable

Long-form

Correcting Tense ConsistencyAvailable

Long-form

Correcting Subject-Verb AgreementAvailable

Long-form

Punctuation & Mechanics · Sentence Punctuation

4 core skills5% total weight

0/4 completed

4 skills to mastery

Punctuation for ClarityAvailable

Long-form

Semicolons & Avoiding Comma SplicesAvailable

Long-form

Using ColonsAvailable

Long-form

Using CommasAvailable

Long-form

Punctuation & Mechanics · Quotation, Parentheses & Formatting

4 core skills10% total weight

0/4 completed

4 skills to mastery

Proofreading PunctuationAvailable

Long-form

Quotation Marks & PunctuationAvailable

Long-form

Parentheses & DashesAvailable

Long-form

Formatting Titles & HeadingsAvailable

Long-form