Student Research Notes: How Bees Help Plants

• Paraphrase: Bees move pollen between flowers, which helps plants make seeds. Source: National Park Service, "Pollinators" page.
• Direct quote: "Many fruits depend on pollinators to produce a good harvest." Source: National Park Service.
• Bees carry pollen from flower to flower so plants can reproduce. (taken from a kids science site, no quotation marks)
• Bees are responsible for one out of every three bites of food we eat. (no source listed)
• CoolBeeFactsBlog!!! says bees are "tiny buzzing heroes." (unreliable)
• Sources list (so far): National Park Service (nps.gov/pollinators)

Which note shows the student gave proper credit for a direct quote?

Student Research Notes: The Water Cycle

• Paraphrase: As water vapor rises and cools, it forms tiny droplets that make clouds. Source: NOAA Water Cycle page.
• Direct quote: "The sun powers the water cycle." Source: NOAA.
• Water vapor condenses into tiny droplets to form clouds. (taken from a weather wiki—copied too closely, no quotation marks)
• Rain that flows over land into streams is called runoff. (no source listed)
• A kids forum post said: "It rains more on weekends." (unreliable)

Which paraphrase is written correctly and gives credit?

Student Research Notes: Sea Turtles

• Paraphrase: According to NOAA Fisheries, city lights can confuse hatchlings, so they may crawl the wrong way. (credit given)
• Direct quote: "Adult sea turtles migrate long distances between feeding and nesting areas." Source: Encyclopedia of Oceans, J. Lee (2020).
• Hatchlings head toward the brightest horizon. (from NOAA site, but no quotation marks)
• Sea turtles can live for many decades. (no source listed)
• A social video said turtles love pizza. (unreliable source)

Which note is a correct paraphrase that includes the source?

Student Research Notes: Earthquake Safety

• Direct quote: "Drop, Cover, and Hold On" is recommended during shaking. Source: Ready.gov Earthquake Safety.
• Paraphrase: According to the U.S. Geological Survey, most injuries come from falling objects, not the ground opening up. (credit given)
• "Aftershocks are smaller earthquakes that follow the main event." (no source provided)
• Secure heavy bookshelves to walls to prevent tipping. (no source listed)
• A neighbor's blog says standing in a doorway is always safest. (unreliable/incorrect)

Which note gives proper credit for a direct quote?

Student Research Notes (Topic: Honeybees)

• Honeybees perform a waggle dance to share where flowers are. (Paraphrased from City Science Museum article, 2023)
• "The dance points to the direction and distance of the food."
• Honeybees live in colonies with a single queen, thousands of workers, and some drones.
• "Honeybees are social insects that live in large groups." (www.supercoolfacts4u.com)

Which note shows the student gave proper credit?

Student Research Notes (Topic: Volcanoes)

• "Most volcanoes form along plate boundaries." (USGS, 2022)
• Volcanoes are openings where lava can erupt. (Earth Encyclopedia)
• Volcanoes form at plate boundaries because plates move.

Which paraphrase is written correctly?

Student Research Notes (Topic: Water Cycle)

• "Water evaporates from oceans, lakes, and rivers." (Science Textbook, p. 52)
• Water evaporates from oceans, lakes, and rivers. (Science Textbook)
• Water leaves oceans, lakes, and rivers as vapor.
• "Water evaporates from oceans, lake and rivers." (RandomWiki)

Which note copies the source exactly and gives proper credit using quotation marks?

Student Research Notes (Topic: Recycling)

• "Recycling saves energy and reduces the amount of trash sent to landfills." (Green Planet Magazine, 2021)
• Recycling saves energy and reduces the amount of trash sent to landfills. (Green Planet Magazine)
• Reusing materials can cut energy use and keep less garbage out of dumps. (Paraphrased from EPA website, 2022)
• People should recycle more!!!

Which note shows the student paraphrased without copying and gave proper credit?

Student Research Notes (Volcanoes)

• Paraphrase: Volcanoes form when melted rock pushes up through weak spots in Earth's crust. (Source: USGS)
• Direct quote: "Some volcanoes stay quiet for centuries, then erupt suddenly." (Source: Smithsonian)
• Copied too closely: Volcanoes are openings in Earth's surface where magma and gas escape. (no source)
• Unreliable source: Lava is the same thing as magma and they are both cold. (Source: RandomKidFacts Blog)

Which note shows the student gave proper credit?

Student Research Notes (Rainforests)

• Direct quote: "Rainforests cover a small part of Earth but contain a huge amount of its plant and animal life." (Source: National Geographic Kids)
• Paraphrase: Layers of the forest include the emergent, canopy, understory, and forest floor. (Source: Smithsonian)
• Copied too closely: The Amazon rainforest is sometimes called the lungs of the planet. (Source not listed)
• Unreliable source: Trees in rainforests never die; they live forever. (Source: SuperWowFacts.net)

Which paraphrase is written correctly?