The Red Scare - AP U.S. History

Censorship and self-censorship to avoid communist associations. Fear of being labeled communist led to widespread self-censorship.

Deportation of many immigrants and reduced labor movement influence. Palmer Raids led to mass deportations and suppressed radical movements.

Communists and suspected communists. Anyone suspected of communist sympathies faced investigation and persecution.

Restricted civil liberties by allowing detention of suspected subversives. Allowed detention camps for suspected subversives during emergencies.

Required communist organizations to register with the government. Also known as McCarran Act, enhanced surveillance of subversives.

Increased polarization and suspicion in politics. Created lasting divisions between liberals and conservatives in politics.

A program to ensure federal employees were not communists. Background checks aimed to remove communist sympathizers from government.

Challenged McCarthy's tactics and reduced his influence. CBS journalist's criticism exposed McCarthy's reckless accusation methods.

Labor unions faced scrutiny and loss of influence. Anti-communist legislation weakened union political and economic power.

Oaths requiring individuals to swear they were not communists. Required for government jobs to prove anti-communist allegiance.

Led to purges of alleged communists from government jobs. Thousands of federal employees fired for alleged communist sympathies.

Charlie Chaplin. Famous actor-director exiled due to suspected leftist sympathies.

Increased scrutiny and loyalty oaths for educators. Teachers and professors required to sign anti-communist loyalty oaths.

Contempt of Congress for refusing to testify. Refused to name names or discuss political beliefs to HUAC.

Erosion of civil liberties due to fear of communism. Fear justified restrictions on free speech and association rights.

An act that restricted the activities and power of labor unions. Required union leaders to swear they weren't communists.

FBI Director who intensified anti-communist efforts. Expanded FBI surveillance and investigation of suspected communists.

Investigated McCarthy's claims of communism in the State Department. Found McCarthy's charges were largely unfounded and reckless.

Censorship and blacklisting in the entertainment industry. Many artists and writers lost careers due to political associations.

A group of screenwriters and directors blacklisted for refusing HUAC testimony. Refused to cooperate with HUAC investigations of communist influence.

The Communist Control Act of 1954. Made Communist Party membership grounds for federal job disqualification.

Exposed McCarthy's tactics and led to his censure. Public televised hearings revealed McCarthy's bullying tactics to millions.

A U.S. State Department official accused of espionage. Convicted of perjury in connection with Soviet espionage allegations.

A secret collaboration to decrypt Soviet communications. Revealed actual Soviet espionage activities in the United States.

A campaign to remove homosexuals from government positions. Parallel persecution targeting LGBT federal employees as security risks.

Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were executed for espionage. Convicted of passing atomic secrets to Soviet Union in 1953.

Conduct investigations into communist activities. Under J. Edgar Hoover, monitored suspected communist sympathizers.

To investigate alleged disloyalty and subversive activities. Investigated suspected communist infiltration in government and society.

A law making it illegal to advocate overthrowing the government. Targeted seditious speech and communist party membership.