Early Civil Rights Movement (1940s-1950s) - AP U.S. History
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Who was the plaintiff in the Brown v. Board of Education case?
Who was the plaintiff in the Brown v. Board of Education case?
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Oliver Brown. Father whose daughter was denied admission to a white school in Topeka, Kansas.
Oliver Brown. Father whose daughter was denied admission to a white school in Topeka, Kansas.
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What was the significance of the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education decision?
What was the significance of the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education decision?
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Declared school segregation unconstitutional. Reversed Plessy v. Ferguson and mandated school integration nationwide.
Declared school segregation unconstitutional. Reversed Plessy v. Ferguson and mandated school integration nationwide.
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Which President sent federal troops to enforce school integration in Little Rock, Arkansas, in 1957?
Which President sent federal troops to enforce school integration in Little Rock, Arkansas, in 1957?
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President Dwight D. Eisenhower. Used federal power to enforce Supreme Court integration orders.
President Dwight D. Eisenhower. Used federal power to enforce Supreme Court integration orders.
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What was the legal significance of the 1956 Supreme Court decision regarding Montgomery's bus segregation?
What was the legal significance of the 1956 Supreme Court decision regarding Montgomery's bus segregation?
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Declared bus segregation unconstitutional. Browder v. Gayle ruling ended Montgomery's segregated bus system.
Declared bus segregation unconstitutional. Browder v. Gayle ruling ended Montgomery's segregated bus system.
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Which 1950s civil rights event involved high school students protesting segregated schools in Virginia?
Which 1950s civil rights event involved high school students protesting segregated schools in Virginia?
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The Moton High School strike. Student protest that became part of Brown v. Board consolidated cases.
The Moton High School strike. Student protest that became part of Brown v. Board consolidated cases.
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What did the Civil Rights Act of 1957 aim to achieve?
What did the Civil Rights Act of 1957 aim to achieve?
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Strengthen voting rights for African Americans. Created Civil Rights Division in Justice Department to enforce voting rights.
Strengthen voting rights for African Americans. Created Civil Rights Division in Justice Department to enforce voting rights.
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Which Supreme Court case upheld the constitutionality of 'separate but equal' in 1896, setting a precedent for segregation?
Which Supreme Court case upheld the constitutionality of 'separate but equal' in 1896, setting a precedent for segregation?
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Plessy v. Ferguson. 1896 decision that legally justified racial segregation for 58 years.
Plessy v. Ferguson. 1896 decision that legally justified racial segregation for 58 years.
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What was the significance of the 1946 Morgan v. Virginia decision?
What was the significance of the 1946 Morgan v. Virginia decision?
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Banned segregation on interstate buses. Supreme Court ruling that prohibited segregation on interstate buses.
Banned segregation on interstate buses. Supreme Court ruling that prohibited segregation on interstate buses.
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Who was the President of the United States during the Little Rock Crisis of 1957?
Who was the President of the United States during the Little Rock Crisis of 1957?
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Dwight D. Eisenhower. Republican president who federalized Arkansas National Guard for integration.
Dwight D. Eisenhower. Republican president who federalized Arkansas National Guard for integration.
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What was the primary focus of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)?
What was the primary focus of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)?
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Nonviolent protest for civil rights. Church-based organization that coordinated peaceful civil rights campaigns.
Nonviolent protest for civil rights. Church-based organization that coordinated peaceful civil rights campaigns.
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Which organization's legal strategy focused on desegregation and voting rights during the Civil Rights Movement?
Which organization's legal strategy focused on desegregation and voting rights during the Civil Rights Movement?
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NAACP Legal Defense Fund. NAACP's litigation branch that won major desegregation victories.
NAACP Legal Defense Fund. NAACP's litigation branch that won major desegregation victories.
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Who was the chief counsel of the NAACP during the Brown v. Board of Education case?
Who was the chief counsel of the NAACP during the Brown v. Board of Education case?
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Thurgood Marshall. NAACP's top lawyer who successfully argued the landmark case.
Thurgood Marshall. NAACP's top lawyer who successfully argued the landmark case.
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Which city was a focal point of the Montgomery Bus Boycott in 1955?
Which city was a focal point of the Montgomery Bus Boycott in 1955?
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Montgomery, Alabama. Alabama capital where the famous bus boycott occurred from 1955-1956.
Montgomery, Alabama. Alabama capital where the famous bus boycott occurred from 1955-1956.
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What legal doctrine was overturned by Brown v. Board of Education in 1954?
What legal doctrine was overturned by Brown v. Board of Education in 1954?
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'Separate but equal'. Jim Crow doctrine that allowed segregation if facilities were equal.
'Separate but equal'. Jim Crow doctrine that allowed segregation if facilities were equal.
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What was the primary goal of the Civil Rights Movement in the 1940s and 1950s?
What was the primary goal of the Civil Rights Movement in the 1940s and 1950s?
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To end racial segregation and discrimination. Movement sought to dismantle Jim Crow laws and achieve racial equality.
To end racial segregation and discrimination. Movement sought to dismantle Jim Crow laws and achieve racial equality.
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Identify the landmark Supreme Court case of 1954 that ruled school segregation unconstitutional.
Identify the landmark Supreme Court case of 1954 that ruled school segregation unconstitutional.
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Brown v. Board of Education. Overturned 'separate but equal' doctrine established in Plessy v. Ferguson.
Brown v. Board of Education. Overturned 'separate but equal' doctrine established in Plessy v. Ferguson.
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Which civil rights leader led the 1955-56 Montgomery Bus Boycott?
Which civil rights leader led the 1955-56 Montgomery Bus Boycott?
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Martin Luther King Jr. Young pastor who emerged as national civil rights spokesperson.
Martin Luther King Jr. Young pastor who emerged as national civil rights spokesperson.
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Identify the form of protest where African Americans refused to use public buses in Montgomery in 1955-56.
Identify the form of protest where African Americans refused to use public buses in Montgomery in 1955-56.
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Bus boycott. Economic pressure tactic that demonstrated African American unity and power.
Bus boycott. Economic pressure tactic that demonstrated African American unity and power.
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What was the role of the NAACP in the early Civil Rights Movement?
What was the role of the NAACP in the early Civil Rights Movement?
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Challenging segregation laws through the courts. Used strategic litigation to systematically dismantle Jim Crow laws.
Challenging segregation laws through the courts. Used strategic litigation to systematically dismantle Jim Crow laws.
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What was the outcome of the Morgan v. Virginia Supreme Court case of 1946?
What was the outcome of the Morgan v. Virginia Supreme Court case of 1946?
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Struck down segregation in interstate bus travel. Established precedent against segregation in interstate transportation.
Struck down segregation in interstate bus travel. Established precedent against segregation in interstate transportation.
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Which President's administration was responsible for desegregating the military?
Which President's administration was responsible for desegregating the military?
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President Harry S. Truman. Democrat who took bold action on civil rights despite party opposition.
President Harry S. Truman. Democrat who took bold action on civil rights despite party opposition.
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Which organization was instrumental in the legal strategy for desegregation during the Civil Rights Movement?
Which organization was instrumental in the legal strategy for desegregation during the Civil Rights Movement?
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NAACP Legal Defense Fund. Litigation arm that systematically challenged segregation laws in court.
NAACP Legal Defense Fund. Litigation arm that systematically challenged segregation laws in court.
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Identify the event in 1948 that marked the beginning of the desegregation of the U.S. military.
Identify the event in 1948 that marked the beginning of the desegregation of the U.S. military.
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Issuance of Executive Order 9981. Truman's order mandated equal treatment regardless of race in military.
Issuance of Executive Order 9981. Truman's order mandated equal treatment regardless of race in military.
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What was the role of Thurgood Marshall in the Civil Rights Movement in the 1940s and 1950s?
What was the role of Thurgood Marshall in the Civil Rights Movement in the 1940s and 1950s?
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NAACP chief counsel; argued Brown v. Board of Education. Legal architect who won 29 of 32 cases before the Supreme Court.
NAACP chief counsel; argued Brown v. Board of Education. Legal architect who won 29 of 32 cases before the Supreme Court.
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Name the African American baseball player who broke MLB's color barrier in 1947.
Name the African American baseball player who broke MLB's color barrier in 1947.
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Jackie Robinson. Integrated Major League Baseball with the Brooklyn Dodgers.
Jackie Robinson. Integrated Major League Baseball with the Brooklyn Dodgers.
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Which U.S. President signed the 1957 Civil Rights Act into law?
Which U.S. President signed the 1957 Civil Rights Act into law?
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President Dwight D. Eisenhower. Republican president who supported civil rights despite Southern opposition.
President Dwight D. Eisenhower. Republican president who supported civil rights despite Southern opposition.
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What was the purpose of the 1957 Civil Rights Act?
What was the purpose of the 1957 Civil Rights Act?
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To increase African American voting rights. First federal civil rights legislation since Reconstruction era.
To increase African American voting rights. First federal civil rights legislation since Reconstruction era.
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Identify the 1957 civil rights event where nine African American students integrated a high school in Arkansas.
Identify the 1957 civil rights event where nine African American students integrated a high school in Arkansas.
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The Little Rock Nine. First major test of Brown v. Board decision in public school integration.
The Little Rock Nine. First major test of Brown v. Board decision in public school integration.
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Which 1948 executive order by President Truman desegregated the U.S. armed forces?
Which 1948 executive order by President Truman desegregated the U.S. armed forces?
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Executive Order 9981. Ended racial segregation in all branches of the U.S. military.
Executive Order 9981. Ended racial segregation in all branches of the U.S. military.
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What organization did Martin Luther King Jr. help found in 1957 to advance civil rights through nonviolent protest?
What organization did Martin Luther King Jr. help found in 1957 to advance civil rights through nonviolent protest?
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Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). Coordinated nonviolent protests across the South using church networks.
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). Coordinated nonviolent protests across the South using church networks.
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