AP US History Flashcards: The Civil Rights Movement Expands

What this deck covers

This deck focuses on The Civil Rights Movement Expands, giving you a quick way to review the definitions, rules, and examples that matter most for AP US History.

How to use these flashcards

Work through these flashcards in short sessions. Try to answer each prompt before flipping the card, then revisit any cards you miss until the explanation feels automatic.

Flashcard 1: Identify the first African American woman elected to Congress.

Answer: Shirley Chisholm. She broke barriers in 1968 and later ran for president.

Flashcard 2: What was the main goal of the Civil Rights Movement?

Answer: To end racial segregation and discrimination. This was the central objective that unified various civil rights efforts.

Flashcard 3: Identify the first African American woman elected to Congress.

Answer: Shirley Chisholm. She broke barriers in 1968 and later ran for president.

Flashcard 4: Identify the leader who delivered the 'I Have a Dream' speech.

Answer: Martin Luther King Jr. He delivered this iconic speech at the March on Washington in 1963.

Flashcard 5: Which Supreme Court case declared 'separate but equal' unconstitutional?

Answer: Brown v. Board of Education. This 1954 decision overturned Plessy v. Ferguson and mandated integration.

Flashcard 6: Which Alabama city was known as the birthplace of the Civil Rights Movement?

Answer: Montgomery. The 1955 bus boycott there launched the modern civil rights era.

Flashcard 7: Which organization was known for its Freedom Rides in 1961?

Answer: The Congress of Racial Equality (CORE). These interstate bus rides tested desegregation laws in the South.

Flashcard 8: What event is Rosa Parks most famous for?

Answer: Her refusal to give up her bus seat. This 1955 act of defiance sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott.

Flashcard 9: Which 1960s movement sought to embrace African culture and identity?

Answer: The Black Power Movement. This movement emphasized racial pride and African cultural heritage.

Flashcard 10: Which Civil Rights leader was assassinated in Memphis in 1968?

Answer: Martin Luther King Jr. His assassination ended the era of nonviolent civil rights leadership.

Flashcard 11: Which group was founded by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale in 1966?

Answer: The Black Panther Party. This radical group promoted Black nationalism and armed self-defense.

Flashcard 12: Which organization did Martin Luther King Jr. help found in 1957?

Answer: The Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). This organization coordinated nonviolent protests across the South.

Flashcard 13: What did the Kerner Commission report in 1968 conclude?

Answer: The U.S. was moving toward two societies: black and white. This report highlighted persistent racial segregation in America.

Flashcard 14: Which Civil Rights leader led the Freedom Rides?

Answer: James Farmer. He organized these 1961 interstate bus protests as CORE director.

Flashcard 15: Which organization was known for its Freedom Rides in 1961?

Answer: The Congress of Racial Equality (CORE). These interstate bus rides tested desegregation laws in the South.

Flashcard 16: What was the primary focus of the 1963 Birmingham Campaign?

Answer: Desegregation and voting rights. This campaign used dramatic protests to force federal intervention.

Flashcard 17: What was the purpose of the Freedom Summer campaign in 1964?

Answer: To register African American voters in the South. This SNCC-led initiative brought volunteers to Mississippi for voter drives.

Flashcard 18: What was the purpose of the Voting Rights Act of 1965?

Answer: To eliminate racial discrimination in voting. This law removed literacy tests and other voting barriers in the South.

Flashcard 19: Identify the Civil Rights leader known for his 'By Any Means Necessary' philosophy.

Answer: Malcolm X. He advocated for Black nationalism and was more militant than MLK.

Flashcard 20: What did the Civil Rights Act of 1968 address?

Answer: Housing discrimination. Also known as the Fair Housing Act, it banned housing discrimination.

Flashcard 21: Which historic legislation did President Lyndon Johnson sign on August 6, 1965?

Answer: The Voting Rights Act of 1965. This law eliminated discriminatory voting practices nationwide.

Flashcard 22: Which form of protest did the Greensboro Four initiate?

Answer: Sit-ins. Their 1960 lunch counter protest sparked nationwide sit-ins.

Flashcard 23: What did the 1967 Loving v. Virginia case achieve?

Answer: It legalized interracial marriage. This ruling struck down state bans on interracial marriage.

Flashcard 24: What role did the NAACP play in the Civil Rights Movement?

Answer: Legal challenges against segregation. The NAACP used courts to dismantle Jim Crow laws systematically.

Flashcard 25: What was the significance of the Little Rock Nine?

Answer: First black students integrated at Central High School. They courageously integrated Arkansas schools despite violent opposition.

Flashcard 26: Which event is associated with 'Bloody Sunday'?

Answer: The Selma to Montgomery marches. Police brutally attacked peaceful marchers on the Edmund Pettus Bridge.

Flashcard 27: Name the 1963 event where MLK gave his 'I Have a Dream' speech.

Answer: The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. This massive demonstration brought 250,000 people to the Lincoln Memorial.

Flashcard 28: Name the 1963 event where MLK gave his 'I Have a Dream' speech.

Answer: The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. This massive demonstration brought 250,000 people to the Lincoln Memorial.

Flashcard 29: Who was the first African American student at the University of Mississippi?

Answer: James Meredith. His enrollment in 1962 required federal marshals to ensure his safety.

Flashcard 30: Which U.S. President signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964?

Answer: Lyndon B. Johnson. He championed this legislation as part of his Great Society agenda.

Flashcard 31: Which form of protest did the Greensboro Four initiate?

Answer: Sit-ins. Their 1960 lunch counter protest sparked nationwide sit-ins.

Flashcard 32: Which Supreme Court case declared 'separate but equal' unconstitutional?

Answer: Brown v. Board of Education. This 1954 decision overturned Plessy v. Ferguson and mandated integration.

Flashcard 33: Which historic legislation did President Lyndon Johnson sign on August 6, 1965?

Answer: The Voting Rights Act of 1965. This law eliminated discriminatory voting practices nationwide.

Flashcard 34: What was the main goal of the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party?

Answer: Challenge the all-white Democratic delegation. They sought representation at the 1964 Democratic National Convention.

Flashcard 35: Which amendment abolished poll taxes?

Answer: The 24th Amendment. This removed financial barriers that prevented minorities from voting.

Flashcard 36: What was the significance of the Little Rock Nine?

Answer: First black students integrated at Central High School. They courageously integrated Arkansas schools despite violent opposition.

Flashcard 37: Which Civil Rights leader led the Freedom Rides?

Answer: James Farmer. He organized these 1961 interstate bus protests as CORE director.

Flashcard 38: Which Civil Rights leader was assassinated in Memphis in 1968?

Answer: Martin Luther King Jr. His assassination ended the era of nonviolent civil rights leadership.

Flashcard 39: Which organization did Martin Luther King Jr. help found in 1957?

Answer: The Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). This organization coordinated nonviolent protests across the South.

Flashcard 40: Which 1960s movement sought to embrace African culture and identity?

Answer: The Black Power Movement. This movement emphasized racial pride and African cultural heritage.

Flashcard 41: What was the purpose of the Freedom Summer campaign in 1964?

Answer: To register African American voters in the South. This SNCC-led initiative brought volunteers to Mississippi for voter drives.

Flashcard 42: Which group was founded by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale in 1966?

Answer: The Black Panther Party. This radical group promoted Black nationalism and armed self-defense.

Flashcard 43: What did the Kerner Commission report in 1968 conclude?

Answer: The U.S. was moving toward two societies: black and white. This report highlighted persistent racial segregation in America.

Flashcard 44: What was the main focus of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)?

Answer: Grassroots organizing and voter registration. SNCC emphasized youth activism and community-based organizing.

Flashcard 45: Which landmark legislation was signed in 1964 to end segregation?

Answer: The Civil Rights Act of 1964. This law banned discrimination in public accommodations and employment.

Flashcard 46: Which event is associated with 'Bloody Sunday'?

Answer: The Selma to Montgomery marches. Police brutally attacked peaceful marchers on the Edmund Pettus Bridge.

Flashcard 47: Name the 1964 project aimed at increasing voter registration in Mississippi.

Answer: Freedom Summer. This SNCC-organized campaign brought national attention to voting rights.

Flashcard 48: What did the Black Panther Party advocate for?

Answer: Self-defense and community social programs. They combined militant activism with community service programs.

Flashcard 49: What was the main focus of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)?

Answer: Grassroots organizing and voter registration. SNCC emphasized youth activism and community-based organizing.

Flashcard 50: What did the Black Panther Party advocate for?

Answer: Self-defense and community social programs. They combined militant activism with community service programs.

Flashcard 51: Which U.S. President signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964?

Answer: Lyndon B. Johnson. He championed this legislation as part of his Great Society agenda.

Flashcard 52: Which organization was founded to fight lynching and racial violence?

Answer: The NAACP. Founded in 1909, it became the premier civil rights legal organization.

Flashcard 53: Which organization did Ella Baker help form in 1960?

Answer: The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC). She mentored young activists and emphasized grassroots organizing.

Flashcard 54: What was the main goal of the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party?

Answer: Challenge the all-white Democratic delegation. They sought representation at the 1964 Democratic National Convention.

Flashcard 55: Name the 1964 project aimed at increasing voter registration in Mississippi.

Answer: Freedom Summer. This SNCC-organized campaign brought national attention to voting rights.

Flashcard 56: What did the 1965 Watts Riots highlight?

Answer: Racial tensions and economic inequality. These riots revealed ongoing poverty and discrimination in urban areas.

Flashcard 57: Which Alabama city was known as the birthplace of the Civil Rights Movement?

Answer: Montgomery. The 1955 bus boycott there launched the modern civil rights era.

Flashcard 58: What was the main strategy of the Civil Rights Movement?

Answer: Nonviolent protest. MLK's philosophy emphasized peaceful resistance to achieve change.

Flashcard 59: What did the 1967 Loving v. Virginia case achieve?

Answer: It legalized interracial marriage. This ruling struck down state bans on interracial marriage.

Flashcard 60: What event is Rosa Parks most famous for?

Answer: Her refusal to give up her bus seat. This 1955 act of defiance sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott.

Flashcard 61: What did the Civil Rights Act of 1968 address?

Answer: Housing discrimination. Also known as the Fair Housing Act, it banned housing discrimination.

Flashcard 62: Which U.S. President signed the Civil Rights Act of 1968?

Answer: Lyndon B. Johnson. This Fair Housing Act expanded civil rights protections further.

Flashcard 63: Identify the Civil Rights leader known for his 'By Any Means Necessary' philosophy.

Answer: Malcolm X. He advocated for Black nationalism and was more militant than MLK.

Flashcard 64: Identify the leader who delivered the 'I Have a Dream' speech.

Answer: Martin Luther King Jr. He delivered this iconic speech at the March on Washington in 1963.

Flashcard 65: Which amendment abolished poll taxes?

Answer: The 24th Amendment. This removed financial barriers that prevented minorities from voting.

Flashcard 66: What did the 1965 Watts Riots highlight?

Answer: Racial tensions and economic inequality. These riots revealed ongoing poverty and discrimination in urban areas.

Flashcard 67: Which landmark legislation was signed in 1964 to end segregation?

Answer: The Civil Rights Act of 1964. This law banned discrimination in public accommodations and employment.

Flashcard 68: Who was the first African American student at the University of Mississippi?

Answer: James Meredith. His enrollment in 1962 required federal marshals to ensure his safety.

Flashcard 69: What role did the NAACP play in the Civil Rights Movement?

Answer: Legal challenges against segregation. The NAACP used courts to dismantle Jim Crow laws systematically.