Reform in the Gilded Age - AP U.S. History
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What was the purpose of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)?
What was the purpose of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)?
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Promote temperance and broader social reform, including suffrage. Led by Frances Willard, linked alcohol prohibition to women's rights.
Promote temperance and broader social reform, including suffrage. Led by Frances Willard, linked alcohol prohibition to women's rights.
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What was the "subtreasury plan" proposed by farmers' reformers?
What was the "subtreasury plan" proposed by farmers' reformers?
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Federal crop storage with low-interest loans to farmers. Government would store crops as collateral for farmer loans.
Federal crop storage with low-interest loans to farmers. Government would store crops as collateral for farmer loans.
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What distinguished the American Federation of Labor (AFL) from the Knights of Labor?
What distinguished the American Federation of Labor (AFL) from the Knights of Labor?
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AFL focused on skilled workers and "bread-and-butter" unionism. Samuel Gompers led practical approach vs. Knights' idealism.
AFL focused on skilled workers and "bread-and-butter" unionism. Samuel Gompers led practical approach vs. Knights' idealism.
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Identify the 1886 event that intensified fears of radical labor after a bombing at a rally.
Identify the 1886 event that intensified fears of radical labor after a bombing at a rally.
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The Haymarket Affair. Bomb killed police; anarchists blamed, damaging labor's reputation.
The Haymarket Affair. Bomb killed police; anarchists blamed, damaging labor's reputation.
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Identify the 1894 strike in which federal injunctions and troops were used against workers.
Identify the 1894 strike in which federal injunctions and troops were used against workers.
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The Pullman Strike. Eugene Debs led strike; Cleveland's intervention set anti-labor precedent.
The Pullman Strike. Eugene Debs led strike; Cleveland's intervention set anti-labor precedent.
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What did the Populist Party mean by "free silver"?
What did the Populist Party mean by "free silver"?
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Unlimited coinage of silver to expand the money supply. 16:1 silver-gold ratio would inflate currency and help debtors.
Unlimited coinage of silver to expand the money supply. 16:1 silver-gold ratio would inflate currency and help debtors.
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What did the "Gospel of Wealth" argue wealthy industrialists should do with their fortunes?
What did the "Gospel of Wealth" argue wealthy industrialists should do with their fortunes?
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Use philanthropy to fund public benefits, such as libraries and universities. Carnegie's essay promoted responsible wealth distribution for society.
Use philanthropy to fund public benefits, such as libraries and universities. Carnegie's essay promoted responsible wealth distribution for society.
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What was the key political party that grew out of agrarian reform in the 1890s?
What was the key political party that grew out of agrarian reform in the 1890s?
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The Populist Party (People's Party). Founded 1892, represented farmers and workers against elites.
The Populist Party (People's Party). Founded 1892, represented farmers and workers against elites.
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Which reform group most directly challenged political machines by promoting municipal "good government"?
Which reform group most directly challenged political machines by promoting municipal "good government"?
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Middle-class urban reformers and civil service reform advocates. Mugwumps and progressives fought corruption through electoral reform.
Middle-class urban reformers and civil service reform advocates. Mugwumps and progressives fought corruption through electoral reform.
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What was the main effect of Southern poll taxes and literacy tests after Reconstruction?
What was the main effect of Southern poll taxes and literacy tests after Reconstruction?
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Disenfranchised many African American and poor white voters. These measures circumvented 15th Amendment voting protections.
Disenfranchised many African American and poor white voters. These measures circumvented 15th Amendment voting protections.
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What was the purpose of the Pendleton Civil Service Act of 1883?
What was the purpose of the Pendleton Civil Service Act of 1883?
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Create merit-based federal hiring and reduce the spoils system. Replaced patronage with competitive exams after Garfield's assassination.
Create merit-based federal hiring and reduce the spoils system. Replaced patronage with competitive exams after Garfield's assassination.
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What was the core demand of the Knights of Labor regarding workers' rights?
What was the core demand of the Knights of Labor regarding workers' rights?
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An eight-hour workday and broad labor reforms. Also advocated cooperatives and political reforms for workers.
An eight-hour workday and broad labor reforms. Also advocated cooperatives and political reforms for workers.
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What did the Comstock Laws restrict in the name of public morality?
What did the Comstock Laws restrict in the name of public morality?
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Mailing of "obscene" materials, including birth control information. Anthony Comstock's 1873 laws censored "vice" through postal regulations.
Mailing of "obscene" materials, including birth control information. Anthony Comstock's 1873 laws censored "vice" through postal regulations.
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What was the central goal of the Social Gospel movement during the Gilded Age?
What was the central goal of the Social Gospel movement during the Gilded Age?
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Apply Christian ethics to solve urban poverty and inequality. Movement believed religious principles could address industrial society's problems.
Apply Christian ethics to solve urban poverty and inequality. Movement believed religious principles could address industrial society's problems.
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What monetary policy did Populists mean by “free silver”?
What monetary policy did Populists mean by “free silver”?
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Unlimited coinage of silver to expand the money supply. Would cause inflation to help debt-burdened farmers.
Unlimited coinage of silver to expand the money supply. Would cause inflation to help debt-burdened farmers.
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Which 1892 platform called for free silver, a graduated income tax, and railroad regulation?
Which 1892 platform called for free silver, a graduated income tax, and railroad regulation?
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Omaha Platform. Populist Party's reform agenda at their national convention.
Omaha Platform. Populist Party's reform agenda at their national convention.
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Which 1894 strike was broken after a federal injunction and troops were used?
Which 1894 strike was broken after a federal injunction and troops were used?
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Pullman Strike. Railroad workers' boycott disrupted mail delivery, justifying federal action.
Pullman Strike. Railroad workers' boycott disrupted mail delivery, justifying federal action.
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What was the American Federation of Labor (AFL) best known for organizing?
What was the American Federation of Labor (AFL) best known for organizing?
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Skilled workers through craft unions. Samuel Gompers focused on practical gains for skilled trades.
Skilled workers through craft unions. Samuel Gompers focused on practical gains for skilled trades.
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Which 1892 labor strike at Carnegie Steel ended after state militia intervened?
Which 1892 labor strike at Carnegie Steel ended after state militia intervened?
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Homestead Strike. Violent clash between steelworkers and Pinkerton detectives.
Homestead Strike. Violent clash between steelworkers and Pinkerton detectives.
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What was the main purpose of the Pendleton Civil Service Act of 1883?
What was the main purpose of the Pendleton Civil Service Act of 1883?
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Replace patronage with merit-based federal hiring. Reformed civil service after Garfield's assassination by office seeker.
Replace patronage with merit-based federal hiring. Reformed civil service after Garfield's assassination by office seeker.
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What federal agency was created by the Interstate Commerce Act to regulate railroads?
What federal agency was created by the Interstate Commerce Act to regulate railroads?
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Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC). First federal regulatory agency with power to investigate railroad practices.
Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC). First federal regulatory agency with power to investigate railroad practices.
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Which 1887 law created the first federal regulatory agency for railroads?
Which 1887 law created the first federal regulatory agency for railroads?
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Interstate Commerce Act. Responded to railroad abuses like price discrimination and rebates.
Interstate Commerce Act. Responded to railroad abuses like price discrimination and rebates.
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Which 1890 federal law sought to curb business monopolies and restraints of trade?
Which 1890 federal law sought to curb business monopolies and restraints of trade?
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Sherman Antitrust Act. First federal attempt to break up trusts and promote competition.
Sherman Antitrust Act. First federal attempt to break up trusts and promote competition.
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What was the central aim of the temperance movement during the Gilded Age?
What was the central aim of the temperance movement during the Gilded Age?
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Reduce or eliminate alcohol consumption. Reformers blamed alcohol for poverty, domestic violence, and social problems.
Reduce or eliminate alcohol consumption. Reformers blamed alcohol for poverty, domestic violence, and social problems.
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What settlement house founded by Jane Addams in 1889 became a model for urban reform?
What settlement house founded by Jane Addams in 1889 became a model for urban reform?
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Hull House (Chicago). Provided services to immigrants and poor in urban neighborhoods.
Hull House (Chicago). Provided services to immigrants and poor in urban neighborhoods.
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What was the primary goal of the Social Gospel movement in the Gilded Age?
What was the primary goal of the Social Gospel movement in the Gilded Age?
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Apply Christian ethics to solve social and economic problems. Religious leaders believed faith could address industrial poverty and inequality.
Apply Christian ethics to solve social and economic problems. Religious leaders believed faith could address industrial poverty and inequality.
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What was the primary strategy of the Knights of Labor to improve workers’ conditions?
What was the primary strategy of the Knights of Labor to improve workers’ conditions?
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Broad inclusive unionism and political reform for labor. Welcomed all workers regardless of skill, race, or gender.
Broad inclusive unionism and political reform for labor. Welcomed all workers regardless of skill, race, or gender.
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Which 1886 event damaged the labor movement after a bombing at a workers’ rally?
Which 1886 event damaged the labor movement after a bombing at a workers’ rally?
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Haymarket Affair. Bomb killed police; anarchists blamed, turning public against unions.
Haymarket Affair. Bomb killed police; anarchists blamed, turning public against unions.
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What was the main goal of the Populist (People’s) Party in the early 1890s?
What was the main goal of the Populist (People’s) Party in the early 1890s?
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Increase political power for farmers and workers against big business. Third party emerged from farmers' alliances to challenge corporate power.
Increase political power for farmers and workers against big business. Third party emerged from farmers' alliances to challenge corporate power.
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Which federal law (1882) restricted immigration by barring most Chinese laborers?
Which federal law (1882) restricted immigration by barring most Chinese laborers?
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Chinese Exclusion Act. First major federal immigration restriction based on nationality.
Chinese Exclusion Act. First major federal immigration restriction based on nationality.
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