Responses to Immigration: Gilded Age - AP U.S. History

To restrict the number of immigrants entering the U.S. First numerical caps on immigration by nationality.

Southern and Eastern Europeans. Severely reduced immigration from these regions.

To reduce tensions by limiting Japanese immigration. Avoided embarrassing exclusion law through diplomacy.

Chinese immigrants. Only group completely banned by federal law.

It introduced the first literacy test for immigrants. Marked shift from open immigration to federal control.

Fear of job competition from immigrants. Economic anxiety drove anti-immigrant sentiment.

Increased restrictions and quotas. Growing restrictionist sentiment led to multiple laws.

Samuel Gompers. AFL leader who feared wage depression from immigration.

To further restrict immigration based on national origin. Finalized the quota system favoring Northwestern Europe.

A community of immigrants maintaining cultural ties. Neighborhoods where immigrants preserved homeland culture.

It excluded anarchists from entering the U.S. Response to McKinley assassination by anarchist.

President Grover Cleveland. Opposed restrictive legislation on humanitarian grounds.

The American Protective Association. Leading anti-Catholic nativist group of the 1890s.

They primarily came from Northern and Western Europe. Shared Protestant heritage and familiar languages.

The Alien Contract Labor Law of 1885. Protected domestic workers from wage competition.

Persons with contagious diseases or mental issues. Expanded federal authority over immigration screening.

The Know-Nothing Party. Secret nativist party opposing Catholic immigration.

A blending of diverse cultures into a single national identity. Idealized vision of cultural assimilation into American society.

To limit the number of immigrants from each country. First numerical limits based on 1910 census data.

Immigrants who temporarily worked in the U.S. before returning home. Seasonal workers who didn't intend permanent settlement.

Employers recruiting foreign laborers under contract. Banned imported laborers to protect American wages.

Passing a medical examination. Health screening to prevent disease spread in cities.

It was the entry point for Asian immigrants to the U.S. Processed mostly Chinese immigrants with strict questioning.

It viewed immigration as a threat to American society. Federal commission that recommended restrictive policies.

It extended the Chinese Exclusion Act for another 10 years. Required Chinese residents to carry identification papers.

It imposed a head tax on each immigrant. 50-cent fee per person to fund immigration enforcement.

It restricted Japanese immigration to the U.S. Diplomatic compromise to avoid formal exclusion law.

A policy favoring native inhabitants over immigrants. Anti-immigrant ideology promoting American-born interests.

To process immigrants entering the United States. Primary immigration station for European immigrants.