AP US History Flashcards: Continuity And Change In Period 8

What this deck covers

This deck focuses on Continuity And Change In Period 8, giving you a quick way to review the definitions, rules, and examples that matter most for AP US History.

How to use these flashcards

Work through these flashcards in short sessions. Try to answer each prompt before flipping the card, then revisit any cards you miss until the explanation feels automatic.

Flashcard 1: What was the significance of the 1969 Moon landing?

Answer: Demonstrated U.S. technological superiority in the Space Race. Fulfilled Kennedy's goal and proved American space capabilities.

Flashcard 2: What was the significance of the Brown v. Board of Education decision?

Answer: Declared racial segregation in schools unconstitutional. Overturned Plessy v. Ferguson's 'separate but equal' doctrine.

Flashcard 3: Identify the main purpose of the GI Bill.

Answer: Provide benefits to WWII veterans. Offered education, housing, and job training to returning servicemen.

Flashcard 4: Identify the main purpose of the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964.

Answer: Combat poverty through education and employment programs. Created Job Corps, VISTA, and other anti-poverty initiatives.

Flashcard 5: Identify the main purpose of the War Powers Act of 1973.

Answer: Limit the president's power to deploy military forces without Congressional approval. Response to Vietnam War concerns about executive war powers.

Flashcard 6: Identify the effect of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965.

Answer: Abolished national origins quotas. Opened immigration to non-European countries and families.

Flashcard 7: Which Supreme Court case established the principle of "one person, one vote"?

Answer: Reynolds v. Sims. Required equal population in legislative districts for fair representation.

Flashcard 8: What was the significance of the Stonewall Riots?

Answer: Catalyst for the LGBTQ rights movement. Police raid sparked organized resistance to anti-LGBTQ discrimination.

Flashcard 9: What was the primary goal of the National Organization for Women (NOW)?

Answer: Advocate for women's rights and equality. Founded in 1966 to advance women's legal and social equality.

Flashcard 10: Which event symbolized the end of the Cold War?

Answer: Fall of the Berlin Wall. Physical and symbolic end of Cold War division in 1989.

Flashcard 11: Identify the purpose of the Fair Housing Act of 1968.

Answer: Prohibit discrimination in housing based on race, religion, or national origin. Extended civil rights protections to housing market nationwide.

Flashcard 12: What was the primary goal of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) established in 1970?

Answer: Protect human health and the environment. Federal agency to enforce environmental regulations nationwide.

Flashcard 13: Which economic theory influenced the Reagan administration's policies?

Answer: Supply-side economics. Tax cuts to stimulate investment and economic growth.

Flashcard 14: What was the primary goal of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) established in 1970?

Answer: Protect human health and the environment. Federal agency to enforce environmental regulations nationwide.

Flashcard 15: What was the primary cause of the stagflation in the 1970s?

Answer: Combination of inflation and stagnant economic growth. Oil crisis and declining productivity created economic downturn.

Flashcard 16: What was the significance of the Stonewall Riots?

Answer: Catalyst for the LGBTQ rights movement. Police raid sparked organized resistance to anti-LGBTQ discrimination.

Flashcard 17: Which movement sought to assert Native American rights in the 1960s and 1970s?

Answer: American Indian Movement (AIM). Militant activism for tribal sovereignty and cultural preservation.

Flashcard 18: What was the primary purpose of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990?

Answer: Prohibit discrimination based on disability. Ensured equal access and reasonable accommodations for disabled Americans.

Flashcard 19: Identify the significance of the Roe v. Wade decision.

Answer: Legalized abortion nationwide. Established constitutional right to privacy in reproductive decisions.

Flashcard 20: What was the primary goal of the National Organization for Women (NOW)?

Answer: Advocate for women's rights and equality. Founded in 1966 to advance women's legal and social equality.

Flashcard 21: Which treaty aimed to limit nuclear arms between the U.S. and USSR?

Answer: Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT I). First major arms control agreement of the Cold War era.

Flashcard 22: Which legislation aimed to promote gender equality in education?

Answer: Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972. Prohibited sex discrimination in federally funded education programs.

Flashcard 23: What was the primary objective of the Civil Rights Act of 1964?

Answer: Prohibit discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. Landmark federal law ending legal segregation in public places.

Flashcard 24: What was the significance of the Watergate scandal?

Answer: Led to President Nixon's resignation. Political scandal involving illegal surveillance and cover-up.

Flashcard 25: Which president initiated the policy of détente with the Soviet Union?

Answer: Richard Nixon. Reduced Cold War tensions through diplomatic engagement.

Flashcard 26: What was the impact of the Baby Boom generation?

Answer: Increased demand for housing, education, and consumer goods. Post-war population surge drove suburban growth and consumerism.

Flashcard 27: Which legislation sought to address environmental pollution in the 1970s?

Answer: Clean Air Act of 1970. Set national air quality standards and emissions regulations.

Flashcard 28: Identify the significance of the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution.

Answer: Allowed expansion of U.S. involvement in Vietnam. Congressional authorization for military action in Vietnam.

Flashcard 29: What was the significance of the Tet Offensive?

Answer: Major turning point in public opinion against the Vietnam War. 1968 communist offensive exposed military optimism as false.

Flashcard 30: Identify the significance of the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution.

Answer: Allowed expansion of U.S. involvement in Vietnam. Congressional authorization for military action in Vietnam.

Flashcard 31: What was the significance of the Brown v. Board of Education decision?

Answer: Declared racial segregation in schools unconstitutional. Overturned Plessy v. Ferguson's 'separate but equal' doctrine.

Flashcard 32: Which event symbolized the end of the Cold War?

Answer: Fall of the Berlin Wall. Physical and symbolic end of Cold War division in 1989.

Flashcard 33: What was the significance of the Iran-Contra affair?

Answer: Revealed illegal arms sales and funding of Contra rebels. Reagan administration scandal involving secret arms deals.

Flashcard 34: What was the primary purpose of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990?

Answer: Prohibit discrimination based on disability. Ensured equal access and reasonable accommodations for disabled Americans.

Flashcard 35: What was the main objective of the Camp David Accords?

Answer: Establish peace between Egypt and Israel. Carter mediated historic Middle East peace agreement in 1978.

Flashcard 36: Which U.S. foreign policy doctrine emphasized human rights?

Answer: Jimmy Carter's foreign policy. Emphasized moral diplomacy and international human rights advocacy.

Flashcard 37: What was the primary goal of the Marshall Plan?

Answer: Economic recovery of Europe post-WWII. Helped rebuild war-torn Western Europe and contain Soviet influence.

Flashcard 38: What was the significance of the Watergate scandal?

Answer: Led to President Nixon's resignation. Political scandal involving illegal surveillance and cover-up.

Flashcard 39: What was the main objective of the Camp David Accords?

Answer: Establish peace between Egypt and Israel. Carter mediated historic Middle East peace agreement in 1978.

Flashcard 40: What was the significance of the 1969 Moon landing?

Answer: Demonstrated U.S. technological superiority in the Space Race. Fulfilled Kennedy's goal and proved American space capabilities.

Flashcard 41: What was the significance of the 26th Amendment?

Answer: Lowered the voting age to 18. Extended voting rights to young adults affected by Vietnam draft.

Flashcard 42: What was the significance of the Tet Offensive?

Answer: Major turning point in public opinion against the Vietnam War. 1968 communist offensive exposed military optimism as false.

Flashcard 43: Identify the purpose of the Fair Housing Act of 1968.

Answer: Prohibit discrimination in housing based on race, religion, or national origin. Extended civil rights protections to housing market nationwide.

Flashcard 44: What was the impact of the OPEC oil embargo of 1973?

Answer: Caused a global energy crisis and economic recession. Arab oil producers retaliated against U.S. support for Israel.

Flashcard 45: Which event marked the beginning of the Civil Rights Movement?

Answer: Montgomery Bus Boycott. Rosa Parks' arrest sparked organized resistance to segregation.

Flashcard 46: Which movement sought to assert Native American rights in the 1960s and 1970s?

Answer: American Indian Movement (AIM). Militant activism for tribal sovereignty and cultural preservation.

Flashcard 47: Identify the main purpose of the GI Bill.

Answer: Provide benefits to WWII veterans. Offered education, housing, and job training to returning servicemen.

Flashcard 48: Which treaty aimed to limit nuclear arms between the U.S. and USSR?

Answer: Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT I). First major arms control agreement of the Cold War era.

Flashcard 49: What was the significance of the 26th Amendment?

Answer: Lowered the voting age to 18. Extended voting rights to young adults affected by Vietnam draft.

Flashcard 50: Which event marked the beginning of the Civil Rights Movement?

Answer: Montgomery Bus Boycott. Rosa Parks' arrest sparked organized resistance to segregation.

Flashcard 51: What was the main focus of the Truman Doctrine?

Answer: Containment of Soviet communism. Policy to support free nations resisting communist pressure.

Flashcard 52: Which legislation aimed to promote gender equality in education?

Answer: Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972. Prohibited sex discrimination in federally funded education programs.

Flashcard 53: What was the primary objective of the Civil Rights Act of 1964?

Answer: Prohibit discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. Landmark federal law ending legal segregation in public places.

Flashcard 54: Identify the main purpose of the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964.

Answer: Combat poverty through education and employment programs. Created Job Corps, VISTA, and other anti-poverty initiatives.

Flashcard 55: What was the primary cause of the stagflation in the 1970s?

Answer: Combination of inflation and stagnant economic growth. Oil crisis and declining productivity created economic downturn.

Flashcard 56: What was the main goal of the New Federalism policy?

Answer: Shift power from the federal government to states. Nixon and Reagan policy to decentralize federal authority.

Flashcard 57: What was the main goal of the New Federalism policy?

Answer: Shift power from the federal government to states. Nixon and Reagan policy to decentralize federal authority.

Flashcard 58: Which legislation sought to address environmental pollution in the 1970s?

Answer: Clean Air Act of 1970. Set national air quality standards and emissions regulations.

Flashcard 59: Identify the significance of the Roe v. Wade decision.

Answer: Legalized abortion nationwide. Established constitutional right to privacy in reproductive decisions.

Flashcard 60: What was the primary purpose of the Voting Rights Act of 1965?

Answer: Eliminate barriers to voting for African Americans. Removed literacy tests and other discriminatory voting practices.

Flashcard 61: Which U.S. foreign policy doctrine emphasized human rights?

Answer: Jimmy Carter's foreign policy. Emphasized moral diplomacy and international human rights advocacy.

Flashcard 62: What was the primary purpose of the Voting Rights Act of 1965?

Answer: Eliminate barriers to voting for African Americans. Removed literacy tests and other discriminatory voting practices.

Flashcard 63: What was the main focus of President Lyndon B. Johnson's Great Society programs?

Answer: Eliminate poverty and racial injustice. Ambitious domestic agenda expanding federal social programs.

Flashcard 64: Which president initiated the policy of détente with the Soviet Union?

Answer: Richard Nixon. Reduced Cold War tensions through diplomatic engagement.

Flashcard 65: What was the main focus of the Truman Doctrine?

Answer: Containment of Soviet communism. Policy to support free nations resisting communist pressure.

Flashcard 66: Which economic theory influenced the Reagan administration's policies?

Answer: Supply-side economics. Tax cuts to stimulate investment and economic growth.

Flashcard 67: Identify the effect of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965.

Answer: Abolished national origins quotas. Opened immigration to non-European countries and families.

Flashcard 68: Which Supreme Court case established the principle of "one person, one vote"?

Answer: Reynolds v. Sims. Required equal population in legislative districts for fair representation.

Flashcard 69: Identify the main aim of the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI).

Answer: Develop missile defense systems to protect the U.S. Reagan's 'Star Wars' program to intercept nuclear missiles.