Graphical Representations of Summary Statistics - AP Statistics

Frequency of observations in that interval. Height corresponds to how many values fall in that range.

Line graph. Connects data points to show trends and changes over time.

Line graph. Connects points to show trends and relationships over sequences.

To show the accumulation of frequencies. Shows running totals to track cumulative patterns.

Histogram. Groups continuous data into intervals and shows their frequencies.

Median. By definition, the median splits data into equal halves.

Categorical data with rectangular bars. Uses separate bars for distinct categories or groups.

Median = 5. The median is the middle value when data is ordered.

The direction and strength of the relationship. Slope shows how one variable changes with the other.

As a point outside the whiskers. Points beyond whiskers indicate unusual extreme values.

$75 - 25 = 50$. IQR measures the spread of the middle 50% of data.

1. The median is directly given as the middle value.

Histograms have adjacent bars; bar charts do not. Adjacent bars show continuous data; separated bars show categories.

Bar chart. Categories are discrete and separate, requiring separated bars.

The frequency of individual data points. Each dot represents one observation at its data value.

To show the relationship between two variables. Plots points to reveal correlation patterns between variables.

The interquartile range (IQR). IQR represents the middle 50% of the data's spread.

An ogive. Shows running totals or percentages up to each data point.

As a line inside the box. The median line divides the data into two equal halves.

To display the distribution of numerical data. Shows frequency distribution by grouping data into intervals or bins.

Minimum, Q1, Median, Q3, Maximum. These five values completely describe a distribution's position and spread.

The mean is less than the median. Left tail pulls the mean below the median.

Display of the five-number summary. All boxplots show these five key statistical values.

$\frac{4 + 8 + 10}{3} = 7.33$. Sum all values and divide by the count.

Boxplot. Outliers appear as separate points beyond the whiskers.

To visualize data trends over time. Shows how variables change and relate over sequential periods.

Median. The median divides the box into two equal parts.

The mean is greater than the median. Right tail pulls the mean above the median.

$40 - 10 = 30$. Range is the difference between maximum and minimum values.