AP Human Geography Flashcards: The Demographic Transition Model

What this deck covers

This deck focuses on The Demographic Transition Model, giving you a quick way to review the definitions, rules, and examples that matter most for AP Human Geography.

How to use these flashcards

Work through these flashcards in short sessions. Try to answer each prompt before flipping the card, then revisit any cards you miss until the explanation feels automatic.

Flashcard 1: Which demographic transition stage involves decreasing family size?

Answer: Stage 3. Economic development reduces incentives for large families.

Flashcard 2: Which stage of the Demographic Transition Model involves the lowest natural increase rate?

Answer: Stage 4. Birth and death rates converge at low levels.

Flashcard 3: Describe Stage 4 of the Demographic Transition Model.

Answer: Low birth and death rates, stable population. Developed societies achieve demographic equilibrium and zero growth.

Flashcard 4: What typically causes birth rates to decline in Stage 3 of the Demographic Transition Model?

Answer: Increased access to contraception. Family planning enables couples to control reproduction timing.

Flashcard 5: Identify a characteristic of Stage 1 societies.

Answer: Subsistence farming. Agricultural societies require large families for labor and survival.

Flashcard 6: What characterizes Stage 1 of the Demographic Transition Model?

Answer: High birth and death rates, low population growth. Pre-industrial societies with disease, famine, and limited medical care.

Flashcard 7: What stage of the Demographic Transition Model is characterized by population stabilization?

Answer: Stage 4. Balanced vital rates create steady population size.

Flashcard 8: Which stage of the Demographic Transition Model is characterized by zero population growth?

Answer: Stage 4. Birth and death rates are balanced, creating stable population size.

Flashcard 9: What defines Stage 5 in the Demographic Transition Model?

Answer: Very low birth rates, stable or declining population. Post-industrial societies with below-replacement fertility rates.

Flashcard 10: In which stage of the Demographic Transition Model does life expectancy typically increase?

Answer: Stage 2. Healthcare improvements reduce infant mortality and extend longevity.

Flashcard 11: Which stage of the Demographic Transition Model is associated with the onset of family planning?

Answer: Stage 3. Contraception access allows deliberate control of family size.

Flashcard 12: Which stage in the Demographic Transition Model is characterized by a demographic dividend?

Answer: Stage 3. Large working-age population supports economic growth potential.

Flashcard 13: What social phenomenon becomes prevalent in Stage 5 of the Demographic Transition Model?

Answer: Population decline. Birth rates below replacement level cause population shrinkage.

Flashcard 14: What type of migration is common during Stage 2 of the Demographic Transition Model?

Answer: Rural to urban migration. Economic opportunities in cities attract rural populations.

Flashcard 15: What is the primary cause of population stabilization in Stage 4?

Answer: Equilibrium between birth and death rates. Both vital rates reach similar low levels in developed societies.

Flashcard 16: What are the characteristics of Stage 3 in the Demographic Transition Model?

Answer: Declining birth rates, low death rates, slower population growth. Urbanization and education lead families to choose fewer children.

Flashcard 17: Identify a key factor contributing to the decline in death rates during Stage 2.

Answer: Improvements in healthcare. Better nutrition, sanitation, and medical technology reduce mortality.

Flashcard 18: Identify a potential consequence of Stage 5 in the Demographic Transition Model.

Answer: Labor shortages. Declining birth rates reduce available workforce for economy.

Flashcard 19: What typically causes birth rates to decline in Stage 3 of the Demographic Transition Model?

Answer: Increased access to contraception. Family planning enables couples to control reproduction timing.

Flashcard 20: Identify the economic development level typically seen in Stage 4 of the Demographic Transition Model.

Answer: Developed economy. Advanced industrialization provides high living standards and services.

Flashcard 21: Which stage of the Demographic Transition Model is often linked to economic maturity?

Answer: Stage 4. Advanced economies with high development indicators achieve stability.

Flashcard 22: In the Demographic Transition Model, which stage is marked by high infant mortality?

Answer: Stage 1. Poor healthcare and nutrition cause high childhood death rates.

Flashcard 23: Which stage of the Demographic Transition Model is indicated by a high dependency ratio?

Answer: Stage 2. Large youth population creates high proportion of dependents.

Flashcard 24: In which stage of the Demographic Transition Model does urbanization typically increase?

Answer: Stage 3. Industrial development drives migration from rural to urban areas.

Flashcard 25: Which stage of the Demographic Transition Model is indicated by a high dependency ratio?

Answer: Stage 2. Large youth population creates high proportion of dependents.

Flashcard 26: What is the primary cause of population stabilization in Stage 4?

Answer: Equilibrium between birth and death rates. Both vital rates reach similar low levels in developed societies.

Flashcard 27: What factor is a common cause of population decline in Stage 5 of the Demographic Transition Model?

Answer: Declining birth rates. Fertility falls below replacement level in developed countries.

Flashcard 28: Which stage of the Demographic Transition Model is often linked to economic maturity?

Answer: Stage 4. Advanced economies with high development indicators achieve stability.

Flashcard 29: What economic trend accompanies Stage 3 of the Demographic Transition Model?

Answer: Expansion of service sector. Economic shift from manufacturing to knowledge-based industries.

Flashcard 30: Which stage of the Demographic Transition Model is often associated with population aging?

Answer: Stage 5. Low fertility creates higher proportion of elderly citizens.

Flashcard 31: What demographic trend is associated with Stage 3 of the Demographic Transition Model?

Answer: Falling birth rates. Education and economic development reduce desired family size.

Flashcard 32: What is a demographic challenge faced by Stage 5 countries?

Answer: Aging population. Low birth rates create disproportionate elderly population burden.

Flashcard 33: What stage of the Demographic Transition Model is characterized by population stabilization?

Answer: Stage 4. Balanced vital rates create steady population size.

Flashcard 34: Identify a country currently in Stage 2 of the Demographic Transition Model.

Answer: Nigeria. Sub-Saharan African country with high birth rates and declining mortality.

Flashcard 35: Identify an environmental impact of rapid population growth in Stage 2.

Answer: Increased resource consumption. Large populations strain natural resources and ecosystems.

Flashcard 36: Identify an environmental impact of rapid population growth in Stage 2.

Answer: Increased resource consumption. Large populations strain natural resources and ecosystems.

Flashcard 37: What social phenomenon becomes prevalent in Stage 5 of the Demographic Transition Model?

Answer: Population decline. Birth rates below replacement level cause population shrinkage.

Flashcard 38: What is a demographic challenge faced by Stage 5 countries?

Answer: Aging population. Low birth rates create disproportionate elderly population burden.

Flashcard 39: How does fertility change during Stage 3 of the Demographic Transition Model?

Answer: Fertility rates decrease. Economic development and women's education reduce birth rates.

Flashcard 40: Identify the economic development level typically seen in Stage 4 of the Demographic Transition Model.

Answer: Developed economy. Advanced industrialization provides high living standards and services.

Flashcard 41: What key demographic concept is illustrated by the Demographic Transition Model?

Answer: Population growth dynamics. Model demonstrates relationship between development and population change.

Flashcard 42: What is the Demographic Transition Model?

Answer: A model that describes population change over time. Shows how birth and death rates change as societies develop economically.

Flashcard 43: In the Demographic Transition Model, which stage is marked by high infant mortality?

Answer: Stage 1. Poor healthcare and nutrition cause high childhood death rates.

Flashcard 44: In which stage does the Demographic Transition Model predict a youth bulge?

Answer: Stage 2. High birth rates create large proportion of young people.

Flashcard 45: Which stage of the Demographic Transition Model is associated with industrialization?

Answer: Stage 3. Manufacturing economy drives social and demographic changes.

Flashcard 46: Identify the primary driver for high birth rates in Stage 1.

Answer: Lack of family planning. Traditional cultures value large families without birth control.

Flashcard 47: Identify the main feature of Stage 2 in the Demographic Transition Model.

Answer: Declining death rates, high birth rates, rapid population growth. Medical advances reduce mortality while cultural values maintain high fertility.

Flashcard 48: Identify a social change that occurs during Stage 4 of the Demographic Transition Model.

Answer: Increased gender equality. Women's participation in workforce and education increases autonomy.