Cities & Urban Land Use - AP Human Geography
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Which of these geographers developed the central place theory?
Which of these geographers developed the central place theory?
The “central place theory” was developed in the 1930s by Walter Christaller. According to the “central place theory” in any given region there can only be one large central city which is surrounded by a series of smaller cities, towns, and hamlets. The central city provides the goods and services required by people living in surrounding communities. John R. Borchert is responsible for organizing American urbanization into five different epochs, called Borchert's Epochs. Johann von Thunen developed a model of modern agricultural land use. Alexander von Humboldt's work laid the foundation for biogeography.
The “central place theory” was developed in the 1930s by Walter Christaller. According to the “central place theory” in any given region there can only be one large central city which is surrounded by a series of smaller cities, towns, and hamlets. The central city provides the goods and services required by people living in surrounding communities. John R. Borchert is responsible for organizing American urbanization into five different epochs, called Borchert's Epochs. Johann von Thunen developed a model of modern agricultural land use. Alexander von Humboldt's work laid the foundation for biogeography.
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In “central place theory” what name is given to the outlying communities that rely on the central city for support?
In “central place theory” what name is given to the outlying communities that rely on the central city for support?
In “central place theory” the outlying towns and small communities that rely on the central city for goods and services are known as “hinterlands.”
In “central place theory” the outlying towns and small communities that rely on the central city for goods and services are known as “hinterlands.”
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Which of the following theories is based on the premise that in any given region there can only be one large city and a series of smaller municipalities—cities, towns, and hamlets—that surround the city and depend on the larger city for goods and services?
Which of the following theories is based on the premise that in any given region there can only be one large city and a series of smaller municipalities—cities, towns, and hamlets—that surround the city and depend on the larger city for goods and services?
The “central place theory” states that in any given region there can only be one large central city, which is surrounded by a series of smaller cities, towns, and hamlets. The central city provides goods and services that meet the needs of the people living in the smaller communities; furthermore, the people living in the smaller communities provide part of the labor supply and market required by the city.
The “central place theory” states that in any given region there can only be one large central city, which is surrounded by a series of smaller cities, towns, and hamlets. The central city provides goods and services that meet the needs of the people living in the smaller communities; furthermore, the people living in the smaller communities provide part of the labor supply and market required by the city.
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Which of the following places has the highest-threshold and highest-range central place function?
Which of the following places has the highest-threshold and highest-range central place function?
By definition, a high-threshold function requires a large population to make the economic endeavor profitable; a high-range function draws people from far away to purchase the good or use the service. A cancer treatment center requires a large population since a relatively small proportion of people need cancer treatment, and a high range because it is likely that people who have cancer but live far away from the treatment center would travel further to be treated for cancer. The remaining choices are considered low range and low threshold, since ice cream shops, post offices, and department stores are more ubiquitous in cities than a cancer treatment center.
By definition, a high-threshold function requires a large population to make the economic endeavor profitable; a high-range function draws people from far away to purchase the good or use the service. A cancer treatment center requires a large population since a relatively small proportion of people need cancer treatment, and a high range because it is likely that people who have cancer but live far away from the treatment center would travel further to be treated for cancer. The remaining choices are considered low range and low threshold, since ice cream shops, post offices, and department stores are more ubiquitous in cities than a cancer treatment center.
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Which of these is not an assumption of Central Place Theory?
Which of these is not an assumption of Central Place Theory?
Central Place Theory assumes that people will always buy what they need in the closest place possible.
Central Place Theory assumes that people will always buy what they need in the closest place possible.
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Walter Christaller developed his "Central Place Theory" in the 1930s. This theory is based on his idea that settlements only existed to function as "central places" to provide services for the surrounding area. This theory is part of the study of urbanization, taking into account the importance of supply and demand. Taking into account Christaller's theory, answer the following question.
Which of these has the highest-threshold, highest-range central place function?
Walter Christaller developed his "Central Place Theory" in the 1930s. This theory is based on his idea that settlements only existed to function as "central places" to provide services for the surrounding area. This theory is part of the study of urbanization, taking into account the importance of supply and demand. Taking into account Christaller's theory, answer the following question.
Which of these has the highest-threshold, highest-range central place function?
Having a high-threshold and high-range means that people will travel very far to receive the services that are provided by this particular company. Out of the options provided, people are willing to travel however far they have to, even sometimes traveling more than half-way around the world to bring their child to the best pediatric cancer-treatment center that there is. They do so because of the medical needs and medical opportunities. A family in Afghanistan might travel to Israel or to Europe to seek the medical help they need when their child is diagnosed with Cancer, or perhaps all the way to the United States.
People are not willing to travel as far for any of the other options mentioned. To go to a Walgreens Pharmacy, most people are only willing to travel within 10 miles.
To go to a coffee shop, most people in the world only have to travel 1 mile, and with coffee not being a necessity and being something you could have at home, many people do not travel at all for this service.
While employees might travel 30+ miles in order to have a good job at a technology firm, customers don't usually travel very far to receive the services provided by these companies. In fact, many people simply purchase these products online and have them shipped to their location.
Shopping malls might draw people from a bit of a distance away, but it is subject to the services provided in a particular shopping mall. For example, your typical shopping mall will only draw customers from the surrounding towns, within a 20-30 mile radius at best. However, the "Mall of America" might draw customers from over 1,000 miles away as more of a tourist destination and as a mall that offers specialized "services" such as the roller-coaster theme park within the mall. But as this again is not a necessity, people are not willing to travel as far to visit this specific mall as they are going to travel to seek services for medical needs.
Having a high-threshold and high-range means that people will travel very far to receive the services that are provided by this particular company. Out of the options provided, people are willing to travel however far they have to, even sometimes traveling more than half-way around the world to bring their child to the best pediatric cancer-treatment center that there is. They do so because of the medical needs and medical opportunities. A family in Afghanistan might travel to Israel or to Europe to seek the medical help they need when their child is diagnosed with Cancer, or perhaps all the way to the United States.
People are not willing to travel as far for any of the other options mentioned. To go to a Walgreens Pharmacy, most people are only willing to travel within 10 miles.
To go to a coffee shop, most people in the world only have to travel 1 mile, and with coffee not being a necessity and being something you could have at home, many people do not travel at all for this service.
While employees might travel 30+ miles in order to have a good job at a technology firm, customers don't usually travel very far to receive the services provided by these companies. In fact, many people simply purchase these products online and have them shipped to their location.
Shopping malls might draw people from a bit of a distance away, but it is subject to the services provided in a particular shopping mall. For example, your typical shopping mall will only draw customers from the surrounding towns, within a 20-30 mile radius at best. However, the "Mall of America" might draw customers from over 1,000 miles away as more of a tourist destination and as a mall that offers specialized "services" such as the roller-coaster theme park within the mall. But as this again is not a necessity, people are not willing to travel as far to visit this specific mall as they are going to travel to seek services for medical needs.
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The Gravity Model in geography suggests that __________ and __________ are the two most significant factors in determining the extent of the relationship and interaction between two cities.
The Gravity Model in geography suggests that __________ and __________ are the two most significant factors in determining the extent of the relationship and interaction between two cities.
The Gravity Model is based on Isaac Newton’s law of gravitation. It is a mathematical formula, so it cannot rely on something like “cultural output” because this is unquantifiable. It instead relies on population size and distance. The Gravity Model holds that the interaction between two places can be determined by the product of the population of both places, divided by the square of their distance from one another. The primary implication of this model is that distance is not the only determining factor in the interaction between two cities. For example, although Kingston, Canada is much closer to New York City than London it also has a much lower population than London so the interaction between London and New York City is likely to be higher than the interaction between Kingston and New York City.
The Gravity Model is based on Isaac Newton’s law of gravitation. It is a mathematical formula, so it cannot rely on something like “cultural output” because this is unquantifiable. It instead relies on population size and distance. The Gravity Model holds that the interaction between two places can be determined by the product of the population of both places, divided by the square of their distance from one another. The primary implication of this model is that distance is not the only determining factor in the interaction between two cities. For example, although Kingston, Canada is much closer to New York City than London it also has a much lower population than London so the interaction between London and New York City is likely to be higher than the interaction between Kingston and New York City.
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In Mexico, the population of Mexico City metropolitan area is over 20 million people. The next largest metropolitan area, Guadalajara, has approximately 4.5 million people. This disparity in population sizes makes Mexico City an example of __________.
In Mexico, the population of Mexico City metropolitan area is over 20 million people. The next largest metropolitan area, Guadalajara, has approximately 4.5 million people. This disparity in population sizes makes Mexico City an example of __________.
Mexico's population distribution is an example of a primate city. Mexico City has a population that is more than double the population of Guadalajara, therefore not qualifying the population to be under a rank-size rule. Cities can be world cities, alpha cities, or capital cities and not have the population disparities found in countries like Mexico.
Mexico's population distribution is an example of a primate city. Mexico City has a population that is more than double the population of Guadalajara, therefore not qualifying the population to be under a rank-size rule. Cities can be world cities, alpha cities, or capital cities and not have the population disparities found in countries like Mexico.
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Primate cities have typically arisen in __________ environments.
Primate cities have typically arisen in __________ environments.
A “primate city” is a city that serves as by far the biggest city in the country that it inhabits. It’s population is exponentially greater than the population of the next largest city in that country. These types of cities typically arise in “postcolonial” settings because during the colonial era it was common for the European governments to carry out all their political and economic activity through one regional center. This led to infrastructure being disproportionately developed in one centralized area. After decolonization this infrastructure remained in place.
A “primate city” is a city that serves as by far the biggest city in the country that it inhabits. It’s population is exponentially greater than the population of the next largest city in that country. These types of cities typically arise in “postcolonial” settings because during the colonial era it was common for the European governments to carry out all their political and economic activity through one regional center. This led to infrastructure being disproportionately developed in one centralized area. After decolonization this infrastructure remained in place.
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A country has a population of twenty million, with a capital city with a population of nine million. That capital city is an example of a __________.
A country has a population of twenty million, with a capital city with a population of nine million. That capital city is an example of a __________.
The term “primate city” is used to refer to a city that functions as by far the largest city in the country it inhabits. It may have a population between a third and a half of that of the whole country. Classic examples of primate cities include Bangkok in Thailand and Seoul in South Korea.
The term “primate city” is used to refer to a city that functions as by far the largest city in the country it inhabits. It may have a population between a third and a half of that of the whole country. Classic examples of primate cities include Bangkok in Thailand and Seoul in South Korea.
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What is a mercantile city?
What is a mercantile city?
By definition, mercantile refers to anything of or relating to trade. A mercantile city is a trade city which developed because of the trade routes. Most of these cities benefit from being on the coast because they can have a port, but after train transportation became prominent, having a port was no longer an essential element to being a mercantile city.
By definition, mercantile refers to anything of or relating to trade. A mercantile city is a trade city which developed because of the trade routes. Most of these cities benefit from being on the coast because they can have a port, but after train transportation became prominent, having a port was no longer an essential element to being a mercantile city.
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According to the rank-size rule, if the largest city in a country has a population of 1,000,000, then the fourth largest city in that country would have a population of approximately __________.
According to the rank-size rule, if the largest city in a country has a population of 1,000,000, then the fourth largest city in that country would have a population of approximately __________.
The rank size rule states that the 
largest city in a given country will have 
of the population of the largest city in that country. If the largest city has a population 1,000,000, and we want to know the population of the fourth largest city, it will have 
of the population of the largest city. 
of 1,000,000 is 250,000 people.
The rank size rule states that the
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The rank-size rule is related to the size of which of the following answer choices?
The rank-size rule is related to the size of which of the following answer choices?
The “rank-size rule” is related to the relative size of cities. According to the rank-size rule, there should be a larger number of small cities than bigger cities. Also, this rule predicts that the larger a city’s population is then the fewer number of cities there should be in the surrounding area with a similar population.
The “rank-size rule” is related to the relative size of cities. According to the rank-size rule, there should be a larger number of small cities than bigger cities. Also, this rule predicts that the larger a city’s population is then the fewer number of cities there should be in the surrounding area with a similar population.
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Which of the following occupies the shaded area on the Concentric Zone Model shown here?
Which of the following occupies the shaded area on the Concentric Zone Model shown here?
The Transition Zone is characterized as industrial and typically dominated by manufacturing facilities. It surrounds the mainly commercial city center and is surrounded by working-class residential housing, maximizing access to markets to sell manufactured goods and housing for factory workers.
The Transition Zone is characterized as industrial and typically dominated by manufacturing facilities. It surrounds the mainly commercial city center and is surrounded by working-class residential housing, maximizing access to markets to sell manufactured goods and housing for factory workers.
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Which of the following is the name of the zone shaded in the provided Concentric Zone Model?
Which of the following is the name of the zone shaded in the provided Concentric Zone Model?
The outermost ring of the Concentric Zone Model is commuter-residential and consists mainly of low-density, estate-style housing, usually comprised of high-income professionals. Urban overcrowding is typically unappealing to people, so property values for low-density and spacious estates will be at a higher premium than higher-density urban properties.
The outermost ring of the Concentric Zone Model is commuter-residential and consists mainly of low-density, estate-style housing, usually comprised of high-income professionals. Urban overcrowding is typically unappealing to people, so property values for low-density and spacious estates will be at a higher premium than higher-density urban properties.
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Which of the following models does the Burgess Concentric Zone Model most clearly resemble?
Which of the following models does the Burgess Concentric Zone Model most clearly resemble?
Both the Von Thunen and Burgess models consist of a circular pattern of ring-shaped zones that are designated based upon their value, significance, and accessibility to the central business/market areas of a settlement. The Von Thunen model prioritizes perishability of goods and accessible fuel sources (lumber) to the central populated area, while the Burgess model prioritizes accessibility of labor to industrial/commercial areas. Both result in a circular, layered model.
Both the Von Thunen and Burgess models consist of a circular pattern of ring-shaped zones that are designated based upon their value, significance, and accessibility to the central business/market areas of a settlement. The Von Thunen model prioritizes perishability of goods and accessible fuel sources (lumber) to the central populated area, while the Burgess model prioritizes accessibility of labor to industrial/commercial areas. Both result in a circular, layered model.
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According to the Burgess Concentric Zone model, which zone are low-income residents most likely to inhabit and why?
According to the Burgess Concentric Zone model, which zone are low-income residents most likely to inhabit and why?
The Transition Zone consists largely of low-quality housing that is close in proximity to industrial and manufacturing jobs in the Commercial Business District (CBD). Since the housing in this zone tends to be unpleasant, its cost is low and the proximity to entry-level jobs attracts low-income families. The Working-Class and Commuter Zones often consist of higher-quality housing, but the cost of living is often inflated and getting to the jobs often requires an automobile, which many low-income families cannot afford.
The Transition Zone consists largely of low-quality housing that is close in proximity to industrial and manufacturing jobs in the Commercial Business District (CBD). Since the housing in this zone tends to be unpleasant, its cost is low and the proximity to entry-level jobs attracts low-income families. The Working-Class and Commuter Zones often consist of higher-quality housing, but the cost of living is often inflated and getting to the jobs often requires an automobile, which many low-income families cannot afford.
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Which of the following real-world examples is the most accurate example of people living in a Transition Zone?
Which of the following real-world examples is the most accurate example of people living in a Transition Zone?
The Transition Zone is composed of poor-quality housing for low-income residents in close proximity to commercial and industrial areas. Rural migrants to China's big industrial cities are typically living in poor-quality, low-cost housing very close to the factories at which they work, which best represents the Transition Zone of the Burgess Model.
The Transition Zone is composed of poor-quality housing for low-income residents in close proximity to commercial and industrial areas. Rural migrants to China's big industrial cities are typically living in poor-quality, low-cost housing very close to the factories at which they work, which best represents the Transition Zone of the Burgess Model.
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A city that has varying levels of development emanating in rings from a central business district is called a __________ city.
A city that has varying levels of development emanating in rings from a central business district is called a __________ city.
A city that is described as a Concentric Zone Model city will have a central business district which is surrounded by a series of rings with varying levels of development. Generally the closest ring will be for low quality housing and the furthest ring will be for suburban housing.
A city that is described as a Concentric Zone Model city will have a central business district which is surrounded by a series of rings with varying levels of development. Generally the closest ring will be for low quality housing and the furthest ring will be for suburban housing.
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Which of these is not a characteristic of a central business district?
Which of these is not a characteristic of a central business district?
The central business district (CBD) is where a large amount of businesses are located. In the concentric zone model, it is located in the center of the city. Houses and apartments are less common in the CBD and tend to be more prevalent outside of it.
The central business district (CBD) is where a large amount of businesses are located. In the concentric zone model, it is located in the center of the city. Houses and apartments are less common in the CBD and tend to be more prevalent outside of it.
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