Cities Across the World - AP Human Geography

The process of renovating urban neighborhoods by affluent people. Often displaces lower-income residents through rising property values.

The CBD serves as the commercial and business center of a city. Houses commercial offices, retail businesses, and financial institutions.

Its larger size and greater economic influence. Scale and economic functions create regional dominance.

To design sustainable, efficient, and livable urban environments. Coordinates land use, transportation, and infrastructure development.

Conurbation. Separate cities grow together into one continuous urban area.

A large-scale functional area around a central city. Includes central city plus surrounding communities and suburbs.

Sustainable and efficient urban growth management. Controls sprawl while promoting compact, efficient development.

An area where housing is not officially recognized or regulated. Often lacks basic services like water, electricity, or waste management.

Promoting walkable neighborhoods and mixed-use development. Encourages compact, pedestrian-friendly community design.

To limit urban sprawl by surrounding urban areas with open land. Protected open space prevents continuous urban development.

Transit-oriented development. Concentrates development around public transportation hubs.

Urban areas that are significantly warmer than their rural surroundings. Concrete and asphalt absorb heat, creating temperature differences.

A city that is a primary node in the global economic network. Major center of global finance, commerce, and cultural influence.

The growth of areas on the fringes of cities. Population movement from cities to surrounding suburban areas.

The study of cities and the processes that shape them. Focuses on urban spatial patterns and development processes.

Urban renewal. Replaces deteriorated infrastructure with modern development.

Eco-city. Integrates green technology and sustainable development principles.

Efficient resource use and minimal environmental impact. Balances economic growth with environmental protection.

Vertical urbanization. Building upward rather than outward to accommodate growth.

Deindustrialization. Manufacturing decline often leads to urban population loss.

A city that is the largest and most influential in its country. Dominates the urban system and is disproportionately large.

A pattern where the nth largest city is 1/n the size of the largest city. Mathematical relationship describing city size distribution in countries.

The study of the form and structure of urban places. Examines physical layout, building patterns, and spatial organization.

The Sector Model. Different land uses extend outward in pie-shaped wedges.

Global city network. Cities function as nodes in worldwide economic and information flows.

Megalopolis. Multiple metropolitan areas merge into one continuous urban region.

Central Place Theory. Created by Christaller to explain settlement patterns and service areas.

Megacity. Population threshold defining the world's largest urban centers.

Urban sprawl. Low-density development spreads outward from urban cores.