Basic Concepts
In a nutshell: Control structures let programs make decisions and repeat actions.
## Making Decisions: If Statements
Programs need to make decisions and repeat actions. Control structures help you do just that!
### If-Else
`if` statements let your program choose between options.
```java
if (score >= 60) {
System.out.println("You passed!");
} else {
System.out.println("Try again!");
}
```
### Loops: for and while
Loops repeat code several times.
- `for` loops are used when you know how many times you want to repeat something.
```java
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
System.out.println("Hello!");
}
```
- `while` loops repeat as long as a condition is true.
```java
int count = 0;
while (count < 3) {
System.out.println("Counting up: " + count);
count++;
}
```
## Why Use Control Structures?
They allow your programs to react to user input, process data, and perform tasks automatically.
## Everyday Example
Setting an alarm: If it's a school day, set the alarm for 7 AM; otherwise, sleep in!
Examples
- Using an if-else to check if a user is old enough to drive.
- Repeating a message five times using a for loop.