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This deck focuses on Meiosis And Genetic Diversity, giving you a quick way to review the definitions, rules, and examples that matter most for AP Biology.
AP Biology Flashcards: Meiosis And Genetic Diversity
Study Meiosis And Genetic Diversity in AP Biology with focused flashcards that help you recognize the idea, recall the key rule, and apply it in practice-style prompts.
AP Biology
Meiosis And Genetic Diversity
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What is the result of meiosis in terms of ploidy?
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ANSWER
Reduction from diploid to haploid. Chromosome number decreases by half during meiosis.
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Flashcard 1: What is the result of meiosis in terms of ploidy?
Answer: Reduction from diploid to haploid. Chromosome number decreases by half during meiosis.
Flashcard 2: What is genetic recombination?
Answer: The process of forming new allelic combinations in offspring. Results from crossing over and independent assortment.
Flashcard 3: What is the significance of meiosis in evolution?
Answer: Increases genetic variation, driving evolution. Genetic variation enables natural selection and adaptation.
Flashcard 4: Define haploid.
Answer: A cell with one complete set of chromosomes. Gametic chromosome number; half of diploid.
Flashcard 5: What is the outcome if nondisjunction occurs in meiosis?
Answer: Aneuploidy, such as trisomy or monosomy. Abnormal chromosome numbers cause developmental problems.
Flashcard 6: What is the result of meiosis in terms of ploidy?
Answer: Reduction from diploid to haploid. Chromosome number decreases by half during meiosis.
Flashcard 7: What is a tetrad in meiosis?
Answer: A group of four chromatids formed by synapsis of homologous chromosomes. Also called a bivalent; where crossing over occurs.
Flashcard 8: What is a homologous chromosome?
Answer: Chromosomes with the same genes but possibly different alleles. Chromosome pairs with same gene loci but different alleles.
Flashcard 9: Which phase follows prophase I in meiosis?
Answer: Metaphase I. Homologous pairs align at the cell's equatorial plane.
Flashcard 10: What is the significance of meiosis in evolution?
Answer: Increases genetic variation, driving evolution. Genetic variation enables natural selection and adaptation.
Flashcard 11: What is genetic recombination?
Answer: The process of forming new allelic combinations in offspring. Results from crossing over and independent assortment.
Flashcard 12: Which phase of meiosis does not involve DNA replication?
Answer: Meiosis II. DNA replication occurred before meiosis I began.
Flashcard 13: What is the significance of meiosis II?
Answer: Separates sister chromatids to form four unique haploid cells. Similar to mitosis but produces genetically diverse gametes.
Flashcard 14: Which phase of meiosis does not involve DNA replication?
Answer: Meiosis II. DNA replication occurred before meiosis I began.
Flashcard 15: Define haploid.
Answer: A cell with one complete set of chromosomes. Gametic chromosome number; half of diploid.
Flashcard 16: Which phase is characterized by the separation of sister chromatids?
Answer: Anaphase II. Final step in creating genetically unique haploid gametes.
Flashcard 17: What is the outcome if nondisjunction occurs in meiosis?
Answer: Aneuploidy, such as trisomy or monosomy. Abnormal chromosome numbers cause developmental problems.
Flashcard 18: Identify the phase where nuclear envelopes reform around haploid sets.
Answer: Telophase I. Brief interphase may occur before meiosis II begins.
Flashcard 19: What occurs during anaphase I of meiosis?
Answer: Homologous chromosomes are separated to opposite poles. Reduces chromosome number from diploid to haploid.
Flashcard 20: Which phase is characterized by the separation of sister chromatids?
Answer: Anaphase II. Final step in creating genetically unique haploid gametes.
Flashcard 21: Which phase follows prophase I in meiosis?
Answer: Metaphase I. Homologous pairs align at the cell's equatorial plane.
Flashcard 22: Define chiasma.
Answer: Point where crossing over occurs between chromatids. Visible evidence of genetic recombination during prophase I.
Flashcard 23: Identify the phase in which spindle fibers attach to kinetochores.
Answer: Metaphase I and Metaphase II. Spindle fibers attach to ensure proper chromosome movement.
Flashcard 24: How many daughter cells are produced in meiosis?
Answer: Four daughter cells are produced. One diploid cell divides twice to create four haploid cells.
Flashcard 25: What is synapsis in meiosis?
Answer: The pairing of homologous chromosomes during prophase I. Enables crossing over between homologous chromosomes.
Flashcard 26: What is a homologous chromosome?
Answer: Chromosomes with the same genes but possibly different alleles. Chromosome pairs with same gene loci but different alleles.
Flashcard 27: What is the result of fertilization in terms of chromosomes?
Answer: A diploid zygote is formed. Restores diploid chromosome number from two haploid gametes.
Flashcard 28: What is the result of fertilization in terms of chromosomes?
Answer: A diploid zygote is formed. Restores diploid chromosome number from two haploid gametes.
Flashcard 29: What is a gamete?
Answer: A haploid cell used in sexual reproduction. Sex cells with half the parental chromosome number.
Flashcard 30: Identify the phase where homologous chromosomes separate.
Answer: Anaphase I. First reductional division of meiosis occurs here.
Flashcard 31: Identify the phase where homologous chromosomes separate.
Answer: Anaphase I. First reductional division of meiosis occurs here.
Flashcard 32: What is a tetrad in meiosis?
Answer: A group of four chromatids formed by synapsis of homologous chromosomes. Also called a bivalent; where crossing over occurs.
Flashcard 33: How does meiosis contribute to genetic diversity?
Answer: Through crossing over and independent assortment. Two key mechanisms create genetic variation in offspring.
Flashcard 34: What is a gamete?
Answer: A haploid cell used in sexual reproduction. Sex cells with half the parental chromosome number.
Flashcard 35: Identify the two main phases of meiosis.
Answer: Meiosis I and Meiosis II. First division separates homologs, second separates sister chromatids.
Flashcard 36: What is the role of centromeres in meiosis?
Answer: Connect sister chromatids; site for spindle attachment. Essential for proper chromosome segregation during division.
Flashcard 37: What is independent assortment?
Answer: Random distribution of homologous chromosomes during meiosis. Each chromosome pair segregates independently at metaphase I.
Flashcard 38: Identify the phase in which spindle fibers attach to kinetochores.
Answer: Metaphase I and Metaphase II. Spindle fibers attach to ensure proper chromosome movement.
Flashcard 39: How many daughter cells are produced in meiosis?
Answer: Four daughter cells are produced. One diploid cell divides twice to create four haploid cells.
Flashcard 40: Identify the two main phases of meiosis.
Answer: Meiosis I and Meiosis II. First division separates homologs, second separates sister chromatids.
Flashcard 41: How does meiosis contribute to genetic diversity?
Answer: Through crossing over and independent assortment. Two key mechanisms create genetic variation in offspring.
Flashcard 42: Define chiasma.
Answer: Point where crossing over occurs between chromatids. Visible evidence of genetic recombination during prophase I.
Flashcard 43: Identify the phase where nuclear envelopes reform around haploid sets.
Answer: Telophase I. Brief interphase may occur before meiosis II begins.
Flashcard 44: What is the role of centromeres in meiosis?
Answer: Connect sister chromatids; site for spindle attachment. Essential for proper chromosome segregation during division.