Meiosis and Genetic Diversity - AP Biology
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What is a gamete?
What is a gamete?
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A haploid cell used in sexual reproduction. Sex cells with half the parental chromosome number.
A haploid cell used in sexual reproduction. Sex cells with half the parental chromosome number.
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How does meiosis contribute to genetic diversity?
How does meiosis contribute to genetic diversity?
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Through crossing over and independent assortment. Two key mechanisms create genetic variation in offspring.
Through crossing over and independent assortment. Two key mechanisms create genetic variation in offspring.
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What is the result of meiosis in terms of ploidy?
What is the result of meiosis in terms of ploidy?
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Reduction from diploid to haploid. Chromosome number decreases by half during meiosis.
Reduction from diploid to haploid. Chromosome number decreases by half during meiosis.
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What is the result of fertilization in terms of chromosomes?
What is the result of fertilization in terms of chromosomes?
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A diploid zygote is formed. Restores diploid chromosome number from two haploid gametes.
A diploid zygote is formed. Restores diploid chromosome number from two haploid gametes.
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What is the significance of meiosis in evolution?
What is the significance of meiosis in evolution?
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Increases genetic variation, driving evolution. Genetic variation enables natural selection and adaptation.
Increases genetic variation, driving evolution. Genetic variation enables natural selection and adaptation.
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What is a homologous chromosome?
What is a homologous chromosome?
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Chromosomes with the same genes but possibly different alleles. Chromosome pairs with same gene loci but different alleles.
Chromosomes with the same genes but possibly different alleles. Chromosome pairs with same gene loci but different alleles.
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What is genetic recombination?
What is genetic recombination?
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The process of forming new allelic combinations in offspring. Results from crossing over and independent assortment.
The process of forming new allelic combinations in offspring. Results from crossing over and independent assortment.
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How many daughter cells are produced in meiosis?
How many daughter cells are produced in meiosis?
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Four daughter cells are produced. One diploid cell divides twice to create four haploid cells.
Four daughter cells are produced. One diploid cell divides twice to create four haploid cells.
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How many daughter cells are produced in meiosis?
How many daughter cells are produced in meiosis?
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Four daughter cells are produced. One diploid cell divides twice to create four haploid cells.
Four daughter cells are produced. One diploid cell divides twice to create four haploid cells.
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What is genetic recombination?
What is genetic recombination?
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The process of forming new allelic combinations in offspring. Results from crossing over and independent assortment.
The process of forming new allelic combinations in offspring. Results from crossing over and independent assortment.
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What is a homologous chromosome?
What is a homologous chromosome?
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Chromosomes with the same genes but possibly different alleles. Chromosome pairs with same gene loci but different alleles.
Chromosomes with the same genes but possibly different alleles. Chromosome pairs with same gene loci but different alleles.
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What is the significance of meiosis in evolution?
What is the significance of meiosis in evolution?
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Increases genetic variation, driving evolution. Genetic variation enables natural selection and adaptation.
Increases genetic variation, driving evolution. Genetic variation enables natural selection and adaptation.
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What is the outcome if nondisjunction occurs in meiosis?
What is the outcome if nondisjunction occurs in meiosis?
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Aneuploidy, such as trisomy or monosomy. Abnormal chromosome numbers cause developmental problems.
Aneuploidy, such as trisomy or monosomy. Abnormal chromosome numbers cause developmental problems.
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What is the role of centromeres in meiosis?
What is the role of centromeres in meiosis?
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Connect sister chromatids; site for spindle attachment. Essential for proper chromosome segregation during division.
Connect sister chromatids; site for spindle attachment. Essential for proper chromosome segregation during division.
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Identify the phase in which spindle fibers attach to kinetochores.
Identify the phase in which spindle fibers attach to kinetochores.
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Metaphase I and Metaphase II. Spindle fibers attach to ensure proper chromosome movement.
Metaphase I and Metaphase II. Spindle fibers attach to ensure proper chromosome movement.
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What is a gamete?
What is a gamete?
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A haploid cell used in sexual reproduction. Sex cells with half the parental chromosome number.
A haploid cell used in sexual reproduction. Sex cells with half the parental chromosome number.
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How does meiosis contribute to genetic diversity?
How does meiosis contribute to genetic diversity?
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Through crossing over and independent assortment. Two key mechanisms create genetic variation in offspring.
Through crossing over and independent assortment. Two key mechanisms create genetic variation in offspring.
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What is the result of meiosis in terms of ploidy?
What is the result of meiosis in terms of ploidy?
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Reduction from diploid to haploid. Chromosome number decreases by half during meiosis.
Reduction from diploid to haploid. Chromosome number decreases by half during meiosis.
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What is the result of fertilization in terms of chromosomes?
What is the result of fertilization in terms of chromosomes?
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A diploid zygote is formed. Restores diploid chromosome number from two haploid gametes.
A diploid zygote is formed. Restores diploid chromosome number from two haploid gametes.
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Define haploid.
Define haploid.
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A cell with one complete set of chromosomes. Gametic chromosome number; half of diploid.
A cell with one complete set of chromosomes. Gametic chromosome number; half of diploid.
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Which phase is characterized by the separation of sister chromatids?
Which phase is characterized by the separation of sister chromatids?
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Anaphase II. Final step in creating genetically unique haploid gametes.
Anaphase II. Final step in creating genetically unique haploid gametes.
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Identify the phase where nuclear envelopes reform around haploid sets.
Identify the phase where nuclear envelopes reform around haploid sets.
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Telophase I. Brief interphase may occur before meiosis II begins.
Telophase I. Brief interphase may occur before meiosis II begins.
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Identify the two main phases of meiosis.
Identify the two main phases of meiosis.
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Meiosis I and Meiosis II. First division separates homologs, second separates sister chromatids.
Meiosis I and Meiosis II. First division separates homologs, second separates sister chromatids.
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What is a tetrad in meiosis?
What is a tetrad in meiosis?
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A group of four chromatids formed by synapsis of homologous chromosomes. Also called a bivalent; where crossing over occurs.
A group of four chromatids formed by synapsis of homologous chromosomes. Also called a bivalent; where crossing over occurs.
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Define chiasma.
Define chiasma.
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Point where crossing over occurs between chromatids. Visible evidence of genetic recombination during prophase I.
Point where crossing over occurs between chromatids. Visible evidence of genetic recombination during prophase I.
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Identify the phase where homologous chromosomes separate.
Identify the phase where homologous chromosomes separate.
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Anaphase I. First reductional division of meiosis occurs here.
Anaphase I. First reductional division of meiosis occurs here.
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Which phase follows prophase I in meiosis?
Which phase follows prophase I in meiosis?
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Metaphase I. Homologous pairs align at the cell's equatorial plane.
Metaphase I. Homologous pairs align at the cell's equatorial plane.
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Which phase of meiosis does not involve DNA replication?
Which phase of meiosis does not involve DNA replication?
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Meiosis II. DNA replication occurred before meiosis I began.
Meiosis II. DNA replication occurred before meiosis I began.
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Identify the phase in which spindle fibers attach to kinetochores.
Identify the phase in which spindle fibers attach to kinetochores.
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Metaphase I and Metaphase II. Spindle fibers attach to ensure proper chromosome movement.
Metaphase I and Metaphase II. Spindle fibers attach to ensure proper chromosome movement.
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Identify the phase where nuclear envelopes reform around haploid sets.
Identify the phase where nuclear envelopes reform around haploid sets.
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Telophase I. Brief interphase may occur before meiosis II begins.
Telophase I. Brief interphase may occur before meiosis II begins.
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