When the nucleus propulsus inside an intervertebral disk protrudes through a weakened area of the annulus fibrosus, the ability of that disk to respond to torsion forces is severely compromised. Further, the protruding nucleus itself puts pressure on the vertebrae, resulting in a "compressed" or herniated disk. This can impact nearby nerves, resulting in radiating pain, weakness, and numbness or tingling.

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) are both affected with hyperflexion of the knee, as these two ligaments are located deep inside the knee capsule, and prevent anterior and posterior sheering forces. If this action occurred with enough force, these structures would be injured. The sedial collateral ligament (MCL) and lateral collateral ligament (LCL) would be injured with a valgus or varus force, both with occur in the coronal plane. The iliotibial band (ITB) and and medial collateral ligament (MCL) would require multiplaner forces in order to be injured.

Africa sleeping sickness, also known as African trypanosomosis, is caused by a parasite. The parasite, Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, is carried by the Tsetse fly. The fly bite is the mechanism for the parasite entering the body. There are two variations of sleeping sickness, East African and West African.

The "Terry Thomas/David Letterman" sign is specific to the articulations of the wrist, and involves injury to the scapholunate ligament. When this ligament is damaged, the scaphoid and lunate drift apart, creating a gap on x-rays reminiscent of the gap in Terry Thomas'/David Letterman's front teeth.

The "Terry Thomas/David Letterman" sign is specific to the articulations of the wrist, and involves injury to the scapholunate ligament. When this ligament is damaged, the scaphoid and lunate drift apart, creating a gap on x-rays reminiscent of the gap in Terry Thomas'/David Letterman's front teeth.

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) are both affected with hyperflexion of the knee, as these two ligaments are located deep inside the knee capsule, and prevent anterior and posterior sheering forces. If this action occurred with enough force, these structures would be injured. The sedial collateral ligament (MCL) and lateral collateral ligament (LCL) would be injured with a valgus or varus force, both with occur in the coronal plane. The iliotibial band (ITB) and and medial collateral ligament (MCL) would require multiplaner forces in order to be injured.

Golfer's elbow, or medial epicondylitis, is due to inflammation of the medial epicondyle of the elbow. The tendons of several muscles involved in flexing the forearm, wrist, and fingers originate at the medial epicondyle of the humerus at the elbow and this insertion point can become inflamed in response to injury.

Lateral epicondylitis is sometimes associated with tennis elbow.

The serratus anterior holds the scapula tight to the posterior wall of the chest. Damage to it, and especially to the thoracic nerve (descending from the axilla) causes this muscle to become paralyzed. Because of this, the scapula can project posteriorly from the back when actions such as pushing against a wall are performed.

Africa sleeping sickness, also known as African trypanosomosis, is caused by a parasite. The parasite, Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, is carried by the Tsetse fly. The fly bite is the mechanism for the parasite entering the body. There are two variations of sleeping sickness, East African and West African.

Golfer's elbow, or medial epicondylitis, is due to inflammation of the medial epicondyle of the elbow. The tendons of several muscles involved in flexing the forearm, wrist, and fingers originate at the medial epicondyle of the humerus at the elbow and this insertion point can become inflamed in response to injury.

Lateral epicondylitis is sometimes associated with tennis elbow.