Apostrophe, Possessive, & Plural
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ACT English › Apostrophe, Possessive, & Plural
Which choice makes the sentence most grammatically acceptable?
dogs fur were
dog's fur were
NO CHANGE
dogs fur, were
Explanation
The correct answer is B. Two errors exist in the original: (1) a comma is incorrectly placed between the subject "dog's fur" and the verb "were," and (2) the apostrophe in "dog's" must be preserved to show possession. B correctly removes the comma while retaining the apostrophe. C removes the apostrophe, producing "dogs fur" — a plural noun used as an adjective without the possessive relationship the sentence requires. D removes the apostrophe and keeps the comma, compounding both errors. The subject of the verb "were" is "his clothes and his dog's fur" — a comma between subject and verb is never correct. Pro tip: Never place a comma between a subject and its verb. When you see "subject, verb," always treat it as an error unless an interruptive phrase is set off by commas on both sides.
Which of the following options makes the sentence most grammatically acceptable?
NO CHANGE
the wolf's return
the wolves' return
the wolves return
Explanation
The correct answer is D. The passage discusses the reintroduction of wolves (plural) to Yellowstone — the return belongs to the wolves as a group. When a plural noun ending in "s" is possessive, the apostrophe goes after the "s": "wolves' return." A ("the wolfs return") is wrong on two counts: "wolfs" is not a standard plural form, and there is no apostrophe to show possession. B ("the wolf's return") uses a singular possessive — only one wolf — which contradicts the plural context of the entire passage. C ("the wolves return") omits the apostrophe entirely, producing a sentence where "wolves" is a subject and "return" is a verb with no possessive relationship. Pro tip: For plural nouns ending in "s," the possessive apostrophe goes after the "s" (wolves'). For irregular plurals not ending in "s" (children, men), the apostrophe goes before the added "s" (children's, men's).
For the history project, students interviewed local veterans and compiled short biographies. Because the class worked in pairs, each interview produced two separate transcripts. The teacher asked everyone to submit the students’ final drafts by Friday so she could assemble the booklet over the weekend. Which choice makes the sentence most grammatically acceptable?
the student's final drafts by Friday
the students's final drafts by Friday
the students final drafts by Friday
NO CHANGE
Explanation
This question tests possessive apostrophes with plural nouns. The context mentions students (plural) working in pairs who own final drafts, requiring a possessive form. For plural nouns ending in 's,' add only an apostrophe after the 's' to show possession. Choice A correctly uses 'students'' to show that multiple students possess final drafts. Choice B incorrectly makes 'student' singular, choice C lacks the apostrophe entirely, and choice D uses the nonstandard form 'students's.' When you see plural possessive options, remember that regular plural nouns ending in 's' only need an apostrophe after the 's.'
I believe its the best option available.
NO CHANGE
its'
it
it's
Explanation
This question tests the difference between 'its' (possessive) and 'it's' (contraction). The context can be read as 'I believe it is the best option available,' requiring the contraction 'it's' meaning 'it is.' The sentence makes sense when expanded to 'it is the best option,' confirming we need the contraction. Choice A uses possessive 'its,' choice C incorrectly adds apostrophe to possessive, and choice D removes the word entirely. Remember: its (no apostrophe) shows possession; it's (with apostrophe) always means it is or it has.
Two clubs collaborated on a fundraiser, so both groups staffed the same booth and shared supplies. After counting donations, the treasurer recorded the clubs totals in a spreadsheet and emailed the results to both presidents. Which choice makes the sentence most grammatically acceptable?
the clubs' totals in a spreadsheet
the club's totals in a spreadsheet
the clubs's totals in a spreadsheet
NO CHANGE
Explanation
This question tests possessive apostrophes with plural nouns. The context mentions 'two clubs' (plural) that have totals, requiring a possessive form. For plural nouns ending in 's,' add only an apostrophe after the 's' to show possession. Choice C correctly uses 'clubs'' to show that multiple clubs possess totals. Choice A lacks the apostrophe entirely, choice B incorrectly makes 'club' singular, and choice D uses the nonstandard form 'clubs's.' When determining possessive forms for plural nouns ending in 's,' simply add an apostrophe after the existing 's.'
The team took great pride in its victory.
its'
it
it's
NO CHANGE
Explanation
This question tests the difference between 'its' (possessive) and 'it's' (contraction). The context shows the team owns its victory, requiring the possessive form without an apostrophe. 'Its' (no apostrophe) shows possession, while 'it's' (with apostrophe) always means 'it is' or 'it has.' Choice C incorrectly adds an apostrophe to the possessive 'its,' and choice D removes the word entirely. Remember: its (no apostrophe) shows possession; it's (with apostrophe) always means it is or it has.
Before the debate tournament, the coach reviewed the schedule with the team and pointed out the earliest round. She told them to arrive by 7:30 because their going to need time to set up the evidence files and practice introductions. Which choice makes the sentence most grammatically acceptable?
NO CHANGE
their' going to need time to set up
they're going to need time to set up
there going to need time to set up
Explanation
This question tests the distinction between possessive pronouns and contractions. The sentence needs a contraction meaning 'they are' going to need time. Choice B correctly uses 'they're,' which contracts 'they are.' The original choice A uses 'their,' which is possessive, choice C uses the incorrect 'there,' and choice D uses the nonexistent form 'their'.' When you see splits between 'their,' 'there,' and 'they're,' substitute the full phrase - 'they are' works here, confirming 'they're' is correct. Remember that 'they're' always means 'they are.'
At the farmers’ market, two bakers set up side by side and sold bread from similar-looking baskets. When a customer asked about ingredients, the manager pointed to the bakers labels on each loaf to avoid confusion. Which choice makes the sentence most grammatically acceptable?
the bakers labels on each loaf
NO CHANGE
the baker's labels on each loaf
the bakers' labels on each loaf
Explanation
This question tests possessive apostrophes with plural nouns. The context mentions 'two bakers' (plural) who have labels on their loaves, requiring a possessive form. For plural nouns ending in 's,' add only an apostrophe after the 's' to show possession. Choice C correctly uses 'bakers'' to show that multiple bakers possess labels. Choice A lacks the apostrophe entirely, choice B incorrectly makes 'baker' singular, and choice D lacks the apostrophe. When dealing with possessive forms, first determine if the noun is singular or plural, then apply the correct apostrophe placement rule.
During a campus cleanup, volunteers sorted bottles, paper, and compost into labeled bins. The coordinator reminded everyone that each bin had a different purpose and that its lid should stay closed to keep out rain and animals. Which choice makes the sentence most grammatically acceptable?
it is lid should stay closed
its' lid should stay closed
it's lid should stay closed
NO CHANGE
Explanation
This question tests the difference between its (possessive) and it's (contraction). The sentence needs to show that the lid belongs to the bin, requiring the possessive form. 'Its' (no apostrophe) is the possessive form of 'it,' while 'it's' always means 'it is' or 'it has.' Choice B incorrectly uses the contraction, choice C uses a nonexistent form (its' is never correct), and choice D spells out 'it is,' which doesn't make sense. Remember: its (no apostrophe) shows possession; it's (with apostrophe) is always a contraction.
At the science fair, three judges compared projects and wrote comments on a shared rubric. Afterward, the teacher collected the judges notes and photocopied them for the students to review. Which choice makes the sentence most grammatically acceptable?
the judge's notes
NO CHANGE
the judges' notes
the judges's notes
Explanation
This question tests plural possessive formation. The context tells us there are three judges, and the notes belong to all of them collectively. For plural nouns ending in 's,' we form the possessive by adding only an apostrophe after the 's.' Choice A lacks any possessive marker, choice B incorrectly suggests one judge, and choice D uses an impossible form (judges's). When you see a split between singular and plural possessives, count the number of people or things mentioned to determine which form you need.