Provide Concluding Statement
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7th Grade Writing › Provide Concluding Statement
A student explains in a report: "In a food chain, producers like plants make their own food using sunlight. Primary consumers, such as rabbits, eat producers. Secondary consumers, like foxes, eat primary consumers. Decomposers break down dead organisms and return nutrients to the soil, which helps plants grow." The student writes this conclusion: "Therefore, food chains show how energy moves from producers to consumers and how decomposers recycle nutrients to keep ecosystems working." Does the conclusion follow from and support the information?
No, because it only gives an opinion and does not connect to the explanation.
No, because it introduces a new topic about how weather affects plant growth.
Yes, because it repeats every detail from the paragraph word-for-word so nothing is left out.
Yes, because it brings together the roles of producers, consumers, and decomposers and explains why the relationships matter in an ecosystem.
Explanation
The correct answer is C because the student's conclusion effectively synthesizes the information about food chains. The conclusion mentions how energy moves from producers to consumers (following the flow described in the paragraph) and includes the role of decomposers in recycling nutrients. This shows understanding of the interconnected relationships in ecosystems. Choice A is incorrect because the conclusion doesn't introduce weather as a new topic. Choice B is wrong because the conclusion isn't just an opinion—it's a factual synthesis. Choice D is incorrect because good conclusions should synthesize, not repeat word-for-word. The conclusion successfully brings together all the elements and explains their significance.
A student wrote an informational explanation about how glaciers shape land: "As glaciers move, they pick up rocks and sediment. This material scrapes the ground like sandpaper, carving valleys. When glaciers melt, they drop the sediment, creating landforms like moraines." The student’s conclusion is: "Glaciers are made of frozen water." What is the main weakness of this conclusion?
It introduces a new argument about why glaciers are dangerous.
It is too vague and does not synthesize the key idea that glaciers both erode and deposit material to shape land.
It provides strong closure by restating the entire process step-by-step.
It includes too many details about moraines and valleys for a conclusion.
Explanation
The correct answer is B because the conclusion "Glaciers are made of frozen water" is too vague and fails to synthesize the key information about how glaciers shape land. The paragraph explains two important processes: erosion (glaciers scraping and carving valleys) and deposition (dropping sediment to create landforms). The conclusion should tie these ideas together, but instead states a basic fact that doesn't connect to the main topic. Choice A is wrong—the conclusion doesn't argue glaciers are dangerous. Choice C is incorrect—the conclusion is actually too brief, not too detailed. Choice D is wrong—simply restating everything isn't what makes a strong conclusion; synthesis is key.
An informational paragraph explains how a bill becomes a law in the United States: A bill is introduced in Congress, reviewed in committees, and debated. If it passes both the House and the Senate, it goes to the president, who can sign it into law or veto it. Congress can override a veto with enough votes. Which conclusion best emphasizes the significance of the process without adding new steps?
Overall, the most important part is the committee stage, and every bill should be approved the first time it is debated.
Overall, the process includes multiple checks so that new laws are carefully reviewed and must earn support from more than one part of the government.
Overall, citizens should vote for people who agree with them, because the other side is always wrong.
Overall, the Supreme Court writes laws after the president signs them, which is why the system works well.
Explanation
The correct answer is A because it effectively emphasizes the significance of the legislative process by highlighting the multiple checks and need for support from different parts of government. This follows logically from the description of bills passing through committees, both houses of Congress, and the president. Choice B incorrectly claims committees are most important and makes an unsupported statement about first-time approval. Choice C introduces partisan opinion that wasn't in the original explanation. Choice D contains factual errors—the Supreme Court doesn't write laws. A strong conclusion should synthesize the main points and explain why the process matters without adding new information or errors.
Read this informational passage: "The water cycle describes how water moves through Earth’s systems. Heat from the Sun causes evaporation, turning liquid water into water vapor. The vapor cools and condenses into clouds. When droplets grow heavy, precipitation falls as rain or snow. Water then collects in rivers, lakes, oceans, or soaks into the ground, and the cycle repeats." Which conclusion provides the best closure and synthesis?
Overall, the water cycle is important because people should stop wasting water immediately.
Overall, the water cycle continually recycles Earth’s water through evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and collection, helping move water from place to place again and again.
Overall, clouds are made of water droplets, and some clouds look like cotton while others look thin and wispy.
Overall, evaporation happens when the Sun heats water and it turns into vapor, and condensation happens when vapor cools into clouds.
Explanation
The correct answer is A because it provides the best synthesis of the entire water cycle process described in the passage. It mentions all four stages (evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and collection) and emphasizes the continuous, recycling nature of the cycle. Choice B only focuses on clouds without connecting to the full cycle. Choice C introduces a new opinion about water conservation that wasn't discussed. Choice D only mentions two parts of the cycle without showing how they connect or that the process repeats. A strong conclusion should tie together all the main points and emphasize the significance of the whole process.
An informational passage explains: "In a chemical reaction, reactants are the starting substances. During the reaction, atoms are rearranged as old bonds break and new bonds form. The result is a set of products with different properties from the reactants." Which conclusion is missing an important element and should be improved?
In conclusion, chemical reactions happen.
To conclude, chemical reactions involve breaking and forming bonds, turning reactants into products with new properties.
In summary, chemical reactions rearrange atoms from reactants into new products, which is why the materials at the end can act differently than the ones at the start.
Overall, a reaction changes how atoms are connected, so the products are not exactly the same as the reactants.
Explanation
The correct answer is C because the conclusion "In conclusion, chemical reactions happen" is far too vague and lacks important synthesis. It fails to mention any of the key concepts explained in the passage: reactants, products, rearrangement of atoms, breaking/forming bonds, or changing properties. Choices A, B, and D all effectively synthesize these main ideas by explaining how reactions transform reactants into products with different properties through atomic rearrangement. A good conclusion should bring together the main points and show their significance, not just state that something exists. This conclusion needs to be expanded to include the key concepts.
A science article explains: "Vaccines train the immune system by showing it a harmless piece or weakened form of a germ. The body responds by making antibodies and creating memory cells. Later, if the real germ enters the body, the immune system can recognize it quickly and fight it before it causes serious illness." Which conclusion should be revised because it introduces new information instead of summarizing?
In conclusion, by building antibodies and memory cells, vaccines help the body recognize and fight certain diseases more effectively.
In closing, vaccines work by giving the body practice so it can defend itself quickly during a future infection.
In summary, vaccines prepare the immune system in advance so it can respond faster if the real germ appears later.
In conclusion, the first vaccine was invented hundreds of years ago, and modern hospitals store vaccines at specific temperatures to keep them effective.
Explanation
The correct answer is D because this conclusion introduces completely new information that wasn't mentioned in the original explanation. The passage explains how vaccines work by training the immune system with harmless germs, creating antibodies and memory cells for future protection. Choice D suddenly brings up when vaccines were invented and storage temperatures—topics never discussed in the passage. Choices A, B, and C all appropriately synthesize the main idea about how vaccines prepare the body's defenses without adding new facts. A good conclusion should summarize and synthesize existing information, not introduce new topics.
A student explains how convection works: "When a fluid like air or water is heated, its particles move faster and spread out, making it less dense so it rises. Cooler, denser fluid sinks to take its place. This movement creates a convection current that transfers heat." Which of the following is the best revised conclusion for this explanation?
In closing, heating makes particles move faster and spread out, and cooling makes particles slow down and get closer together.
In closing, convection transfers heat by causing warm, less dense fluid to rise and cool, denser fluid to sink, creating a repeating circulation pattern.
Convection currents are the reason the Sun is hot, and that is why summers are warmer than winters.
In closing, density means how much mass is in a certain volume, and scientists calculate it using formulas.
Explanation
The correct answer is B because it provides the best synthesis of how convection works by clearly stating the complete cycle: warm fluid rises due to lower density, cool fluid sinks due to higher density, creating a circulation pattern that transfers heat. Choice A incorrectly connects convection to why the Sun is hot and seasons change, which wasn't discussed. Choice C focuses only on the definition of density without connecting it to convection currents. Choice D describes particle movement but doesn't explain how this creates convection currents. The best conclusion ties together all the key elements—density changes, fluid movement, and heat transfer—into a clear statement of the complete process.
A report explains three types of rock: "Igneous rock forms when melted rock cools and hardens. Sedimentary rock forms when layers of sediment are pressed and cemented together over time. Metamorphic rock forms when existing rock is changed by heat and pressure." Which conclusion best synthesizes the information?
In conclusion, metamorphic rocks are the best rocks because they take the longest time to form.
In conclusion, the three main rock types form in different ways—by cooling from melt, by layering and cementing sediments, or by changing under heat and pressure—showing how Earth constantly reshapes its materials.
In conclusion, igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks are all found on Earth, and some rocks look shiny while others look dull.
In conclusion, sedimentary rock forms when layers of sediment are pressed and cemented together over time.
Explanation
The correct answer is C because it effectively synthesizes information about all three rock types and their formation processes while also providing insight about Earth's dynamic nature. It mentions each rock type with its formation method (cooling from melt, layering/cementing, heat/pressure changes) and connects this to a broader understanding of Earth reshaping materials. Choice A mentions all three types but adds irrelevant information about appearance. Choice B only focuses on one rock type instead of synthesizing all three. Choice D makes an unsupported opinion claim about which rock is "best." A strong conclusion should bring together all main points and show their significance in understanding the topic.
A student writes an informational paragraph about internet packets: "When you send a message online, it is broken into small packets. Each packet can travel across different routes through networks of routers. At the destination, the packets are put back in the correct order so the message appears complete." Which conclusion better supports the information?
Conclusion 1: "These steps show how packet switching helps data travel efficiently, even if different parts of the message take different paths."
Conclusion 2: "This proves that the internet is always fast and never has delays."
Conclusion 1, because it summarizes how packets travel and reconnect without adding an unsupported claim.
Both conclusions are equally strong because they both mention the internet.
Neither conclusion works because conclusions should introduce new facts about routers and cables.
Conclusion 2, because it is more confident and persuasive.
Explanation
The correct answer is B because Conclusion 1 accurately summarizes how packet switching works without making false claims. It explains that packets can take different routes and still arrive efficiently, which directly follows from the information provided. Conclusion 2 makes an absolute claim that the internet is "always fast and never has delays," which wasn't stated in the paragraph and is factually incorrect—the internet can have delays. Choice A incorrectly suggests being confident makes a conclusion better. Choice C is wrong because one conclusion clearly contains false information. Choice D misunderstands conclusions—they should synthesize existing information, not introduce entirely new facts. Good conclusions should be accurate and follow logically from the presented information.
A student writes an informational paragraph explaining how earthquakes happen: Tectonic plates move slowly, but their edges can get stuck because of friction. As pressure builds, the rocks eventually slip suddenly along a fault, releasing energy as seismic waves that shake the ground. Which conclusion best follows from this explanation?
In conclusion, earthquakes are scary and everyone should move away from places where they might happen.
In conclusion, earthquakes occur when built-up pressure is released as plates suddenly slip along faults, sending waves that cause the shaking we feel.
In conclusion, friction is a force that can slow down motion in many situations, such as biking or sliding a book across a desk.
In conclusion, earthquakes are measured using the Richter scale, and scientists can always predict exactly when the next one will happen.
Explanation
The correct answer is B because it directly synthesizes the key information from the paragraph about how earthquakes occur. The paragraph explains that tectonic plates get stuck due to friction, pressure builds up, and then they suddenly slip along faults releasing energy as seismic waves. Choice B effectively restates this cause-and-effect relationship in a concluding statement. Choice A incorrectly claims scientists can always predict earthquakes, which wasn't mentioned and is false. Choice C introduces an opinion about moving away that doesn't follow from the explanation. Choice D is about friction in general, not earthquakes, making it completely off-topic.